国外新城建设的目标与立法推进——以美国和日本为例

The Goals and Legal Backup of Foreign New Town Development:Cases of the United States and Japan

在霍华德“田园城市”等理论和实践的影响下,国内外新城政策的产生和演进有其共性,反映人们对理想人居的不懈追求,但在不同的制度背景和社会环境下,各国的新城规划建设目标和策略有所不同。面对新城发展的重大和基本问题,有必要以立法来加以阐释和保障。介绍美国和日本两种制度框架下的新城建设目标和立法推进,辨析国内外新城建设的概念和制度基础。首先分别阐述美国和日本的新城法制演进,分析其新城立法的核心问题和主要特征。最后探讨对我国新城制度建设的若干启示:一是要明晰新城发展的目标,分类、分阶段和有重点地推进新城建设;二是要发挥政府、市场与社会的多方协同作用;三是要通过立法和相关政策的制定来保障新城规划建设的顺利推进。

Under the influence of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City theory and practice,the emergence and evolution of new towns at home and abroad have their commonalities,which reflect people’s consistent pursuit of the ideal living environment.However,under different institutional backgrounds and social environments,the objectives and strategies of new town planning and development are different.Towards the major and basic issues,it is necessary to define and guarantee new town policies and implementation with legislation.This paper introduces the objectives and legal backup of new town development under two institutional frameworks of the United States and Japan.Firstly,it analyzes the concept and institutional basis of new town development at home and abroad.Then it expounds on the legal evolution system of new towns in the United States and Japan,and analyzes the core issues and main characteristics of new town-related legislations in the two countries.Finally,some enlightenments for China’s new town development are discussed:(1)to clarify the goals of new town development,and promote the development in a classified,phased,and focused manner;(2)to give full play to the multi-party synergy among governments,markets,and society;(3)to ensure the smooth progress of the planning and development of new towns by legislation and policy formation.