新加坡社区“原居安老”支持性环境的构建、分析及启示

Construction,Analysis and Enlightenment of Supportive Environment for"Aging-in-Place"in Urban Neighborhoods of Singapore

城市社区环境对“原居安老”的支持性是集体抗衰老能力的重要组成部分,对实现积极老龄化来说意义重大。从住房环境适老化提升、社会和医疗服务系统、邻里环境和户外空间、邻里关系与社会机会4个层面,对新加坡高密度城市社区“原居安老”支持性环境进行建构和分析,并结合实践案例进一步阐述。提出“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的支持性环境6大构建要点:政府主导与公众参与相结合的弹性规划机制、功能与社会资源的关联整合、户外开放空间促进人际关联与邻里互动、多方协同运营管理、主人翁意识培养与社会文化挖掘、地方熟悉与社区复原力,进而结合我国国情提供启示。

The supportiveness of urban neighborhood community environment for"aging-in-place"is an important part of the collective anti-aging ability,which is of great significance to the realization of active aging.This paper constructs and analyzes the supportive environment of"aging-in-place"in high-density urban communities in Singapore from four levels of housing,social and medical service system,neighborhood environment and outdoor space,neighborhood relationship and social opportunity,combined with specific practice cases to further elaborate.The combination of"top-down"and"bottom-up"puts forward six construction points of supportive environment:a flexible planning mechanism combining government leadership and public participation,the integration of functions and social resources,outdoor open spaces to promote building’heartware’and neighborhood interaction,the multi-party collaborative operations management,the cultivation of a sense of ownership and the excavation of social culture,and the local familiarity and community resilience.Then,lessons are discussed according to China’s current status.