青年2型糖尿病危险因素研究进展

Research Progress on the Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

青年2型糖尿病是指在青年时期发生的2型糖尿病(T2DM),其多是由于遗传和环境因素引起的慢性代谢性疾病,具体发病机制至今尚不清楚。随着发病年龄的提前,T2DM的病程延长,患者暴露在高血糖环境中的时间也更久,使得治疗时间、治疗成本增加,并发症增多,危害性亦增大。由于目前对疾病危险因素的关注令人失望,因而,深入了解青年T2DM的危险因素,及早从靶点干预,准确防治,对于降低T2DM的发病率、改善其预后具有积极的意义。兹从遗传因素、人口学因素、自我管理因素、病理因素、心理因素几个方面整理近年来青年T2DM危险因素研究进展,并提出存在的问题及展望。

Young type 2 diabetes refers to type 2 diabetes (T2DM) that occurs in youth,which is mostly a chronic metabolic disease caused by genetic and environmental factors,the specific pathogenesis is still unclear.With the advancement of the age of onset,the course of T2DM is prolonged,and the patient is exposed to the environment of hyperglycemia for longer,which increases the treatment time and treatment cost,increases the number of complications,and increases the harm.As the current attention to disease risk factors is disappointing,a thorough understanding of the risk factors of young T2DM,early intervention from the target,and accurate prevention and treatment are of positive significance for reducing the incidence of T2DM and improving its prognosis.This article summarizes the research progress of young T2DM risk factors in recent years from the aspects of genetic factors,demographic factors,self-management factors,pathological factors,and psychological factors,and puts forward the existing problems and prospects.