低碳污水微生物氮转化工艺研究进展

Research progress on the microbial technology of nitrogen transformation from low carbon wastewater

由于我国污水处理厂进水碳源不足,传统生物脱氮技术需补充碳源以满足脱氮要求,这额外增加了碳足迹和碳排放。碳中和背景下,低碳生物脱氮技术的发展为脱氮技术革新提供了基础。基于此,首先系统介绍了传统生物脱氮技术的原理及对应的功能微生物,分析了传统技术存在的问题;针对传统生物脱氮技术,提出添加新型碳源、调整工艺运行和挖掘内碳源等途径来提升脱氮效率。概述了几种低碳脱氮技术(短程硝化反硝化、同步硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、微生物电化学技术)的工艺特点和创新原理,并与传统工艺进行了比对。最后对目前污水厂的生物脱氮技术进行了总结和展望,以期能更好理解我国污水厂生物氮转化工艺。

Due to the insufficient carbon source in the influent,China’s wastewater treatment plants need to add ex⁃tra carbon sources in traditional biological denitrification technologies,which additionally increases the carbon foot⁃print and carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the development of low carbon biological nitrogen re⁃moval technologies provides the basis for nitrogen removal technology innovation.Based on this,the principles of traditional biological denitrification technology and the corresponding functional microorganisms were first system⁃atically introduced,and the existing problems of traditional technology were analyzed.In view of the traditional bio⁃logical nitrogen removal technology,the methods of adding new carbon source,adjusting process operation and ex⁃ploring internal carbon source were proposed to improve nitrogen removal efficiency.The process characteristics and innovative principles of several low carbon denitrification technologies(short-cut nitrification and denitrifica⁃tion,synchronous nitrification and denitrification,anammox,microbial electrochemical technology)were summa⁃rized and compared with traditional processes.Finally,a summary and outlook of the current biological denitrifica⁃tion technology in wastewater plants was presented in order to better understand the progress of biological nitrogen conversion processes in wastewater plants.