单位大院对基层社会治理的嵌入

Danwei Compound’s Embedding in Grassroots Social Governance

在计划时期的单位体制下,单位大院作为包括老工业基地在内的单位组织特定的生活和管理空间承载,带有极为突出的共同体特质,在动员及凝聚单位人、整合资源和维持社会秩序等方面都发挥了不可替代的作用。20世纪90年代以来,以单位制消解、住房制度改革和社区建设勃兴为主要内容的经济—社会体制变革,从根本上改变了中国社会的基层结构。作为具有特殊意义的管理空间,单位大院也迅速走向消解。但在典型的单位社区场域内,单位大院并未完全退场,而是以“隐形在场”的形式继续发挥作用。其中,由单位大院承载的社会资本在社区治理的信任互惠、社区归属和社会支持等方面还是具有较为突出的优势。而单位大院文化资本所具有的社区价值归属和认同功能,也可为城市基层社会治理提供富有特殊历史文化蕴涵的文化资源。总之,单位大院并不仅仅是一个走向消解的空间,仅在问题和消极意义上体现自身的存在,而是可以作为一种基层社会治理的积极元素纳入治理创新的体系中。

Under the danwei system during the period of the planned economy,the danwei compound served as a specific living and management space for the danwei organization including the old industrial base as a whole,has extremely prominent community characteristics,and has played an irreplaceable role in mobilizing and cohesive danwei members,integrating resources and maintaining social order.Since the 1990s,the reform of the economic-social system with the disintegrating of the danwei system,the reform of the housing system and the revival of community construction,has fundamentally changed the grassroots structure of Chinese society.As a management space with special significance,the danwei compound is also rapidly in decline.However,in the typical danwei compound space,the danwei compound did not completely withdraw,but continued to play a role in the form of“invisible presence”.In particular,the social capital carried by the danwei compound still has prominent advantages in terms of trust and reciprocity in community governance,community belonging and social support.The community value attribution and identification function of cultural capital of the danwei compound can also provide cultural resources rich in special historical and cultural connotations for urban grassroots social governance.In short,the danwei compound is not just a disintegrating space,neither only reflects its existence in the sense of problems and negatives,but can be incorporated into the governance innovation system as a positive element of grassroots social governance.