感怀晋宋之间事,杯酒闲居离世纷——陶渊明《述酒》诗新释

A Reminiscence of History between Jin and Song,a Reclusive Life with Wine and away from Struggles: A Reinterpretation of Shu Jiu by Tao Yuanming

陶渊明《述酒》一诗素称晦涩,历来在主题解读和字句笺注方面存有诸多分歧,本文试结合晋宋间史事,考辨各家注解,对全诗重新笺释。《述酒》前六句描写从夏到秋的景象,同时隐喻司马氏由南渡中兴到王气渐尽的过程;后八句历述修道养生,表达在祸乱之际全身远害的愿望;中间部分追述桓玄、刘裕的两次篡乱和零陵王先废后弑的遭遇。陶渊明以酒起兴,追溯晋宋易代之事,但非句句比附史事。他对东晋的灭亡和零陵王的惨死抱有深切的同情,但他隐居不仕主要是缘于对官场的厌恶、对世道的失望和对田园的向往,而非局限于对一国一姓的效忠。