湿热环境下杀藻剂对绝缘子表面藻类的生长抑制研究

Study on Inhibition of Algae Growth on Insulator Surface by Algicide in Humid and Hot Environment

近年来,中国南方湿热地区复合绝缘子和室温硫化硅橡胶(reem temperature vulcanized silicone rubber,RTV)涂料表面发现了较严重的藻类覆生现象,大大降低了复合绝缘材料表面的憎水性,影响其电气性能。传统绝缘子清洗方法存在生物污秽层难以根除等问题。文中以绝缘子表面常见的小球藻为研究对象,通过细胞破胞率、光合活性和叶绿素a质量浓度等测试手段,表征喷涂杀藻剂过后藻细胞的生长情况,探究喷涂杀藻剂对在高温硫化硅橡胶覆生的藻类生长抑制效果。研究发现,采用摩尔质量分数为0.025 mol/L的1427母液(十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵)作为杀藻剂,杀藻剂剂量大于0.2μL/cm^(2)对单位面积密度为2.5×10^(7)个/cm^(2)的小球藻有灭活效果,杀藻剂剂量越大,灭藻效率越高;杀藻剂作用于藻细胞上首先会抑制其光合活性,并引起细胞破裂和叶绿素减少,最后实现细胞完全被分解。喷涂剂量为0.4μL/cm^(2)及以上杀藻剂,能在至少10天内对空气中再次附着于硅橡胶上的藻细胞产生较好的抑制效果。在现场应用上可喷涂剂量为0.4μL/cm^(2)杀藻剂,对绝缘子表面藻类灭活和抑制生长。

In recent years,algae overgrowth have been found on the surface of composite insulators and RTV(room temperature vulcanization)coatings in the humid and hot area in southern China,which greatly reduces the hydro⁃phobicity of the composite insulating materials and affects their electrical properties.It is difficult for the traditional insulator cleaning method to eradicate the biological contamination pollution layer.Chlorella vulgaris,which is usu⁃ally found on the surface of insulators,is used as the study object in this paper.The growth of algal cell after spray⁃ing the algicide is characterized by such test methods as cell destruction rate,photo synthetic activity and chloro⁃phyll a mass concentration to explore the inhibition effect of spraying algicide on algae growth on the high tempera⁃ture vulcanized silicone rubber.It is found by study that with 1427 liquor(tetradecyl dimethly benzyl ammonium chloride)with molar mass fraction of 0.025 mol/L as algicide in this experiment,there is an inactivation effect on chlorella vulgaris with unit area density of 2.5×107 cells/cm2 when the dosage of algicide is greater than 0.2μL/cm2.The higher the dose of algicide is,the higher the algae inactivation efficiency is.Algicide would first inhibit algal photosynthetic activity,causing cell rupture and chlorophyll reduction and finally resulting in the complete decom⁃position of algae.A good inhibitory effect on the attached algal cells can be obtained within at least 10 days when the algicide dose is 0.4μL/cm2 or above.For application at site,the algicide dose of 0.4μL/cm2 can be used to inac⁃tivate and inhibit the growth of algae on the insulator surface.