我国预防性环境民事公益诉讼存在的问题及其优化路径--以“五小叶槭案”为例

Problems and Optimization of Preventive Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation in China: A Case Study of Acer Pentaphyllum Diels

在当今风险社会,发展预防性的司法救济已经成为环境保护的重中之重。现如今我国的预防性环境民事公益诉讼在法律上已经有了初步的框架,在实践中也有了一些探索,但仍然存在重大损害风险认定困难、举证责任分配存在争议、预防性责任承担方式的有限性以及环境司法与预防性的行政监管措施衔接不到位等问题。为了解决这些问题,本文以“五小叶槭”案为切入点,结合案件中出现的争议问题,对完善我国预防性环境民事公益诉讼提出相关建议,从而增强预防性环境民事公益诉讼的可操作性,发挥预防性环境民事公益诉讼制度的“预防性”功能。

In today’s risk society,the development of preventive judicial relief has become the top priority of environmental protection. Nowadays preventive civil environmental public interest litigation in China has established the preliminary framework of law,and made some exploration in practice. However,there are various problems,such as difficulties in identifying the risk of major damage,controversy about the distribution of the burden of proof,the finiteness of preventive liability assumption mode and lack of the connection between environmental justice and preventive administrative supervision measures,etc. In order to solve these problems,this article takes the‘Acer pentaphyllum Diels’ case as the starting point,combines the controversial issues in the case,and puts forward relevant suggestions on the improvement of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation in our country to enhance the maneuverability of the preventive civil environmental public interest litigation,which will give full play to the‘precautionary’function of the preventive environmental civil public interest litigation system.