法定数字货币跨境流通的法律问题研究

Legal Issues of Cross-border Circulation of Central Bank Digital Currency

法定数字货币被认为具有改革、完善国际货币体系的潜力,其跨境流通是必然趋势,需要相应的法律制度予以保障。然而,无论是国际法还是国内法,现行货币法律体系都不能为之提供充分支持,存在境外经营权规则未确立、法律监管不足以及缺少可适用的冲突规范等问题。化解这些问题须借助国际组织的力量,推动各国共同建立经营监管秩序,寻找新的法律适用思路。我国数字人民币研发处于领先地位,为保障未来数字人民币有序跨境流通,我国除了应积极参与相关国际合作外,更重要的是要明确治理方向,建立境外经营权和监管体系,完善冲突规范,调整国内货币法律体系,使之与数字人民币相适应,为数字人民币跨境流通赢得信用空间。

Central Bank Digital Currency(CBDC)is considered to have the potential to reform and improve the international monetary system,inevitably having cross-border circulation scenarios.This requires the corresponding legal system as a guarantee.However,whether from the perspective of international law or domestic law,current monetary legal system can’t provide sufficient support for CBDC’s cross-border circulation.There are some legal problems,including the absence of rules on the right to operate overseas,insufficient overseas regulation,the lack of applicable conflict rules and so on.In order to solve these problems,we need to establish a common order of management and supervision with the help of international organization’s work,as well as finding new ideas for the law application.China’s e-CNY research and development are in the leading position all over the world.In order to ensure the orderly cross-border circulation of e-CNY in the future,China should actively participate in relevant international cooperations,and more importantly,clarify the direction of governance,establish overseas operation rights and regulatory system,and improve conflict rules,adjust the domestic monetary legal system to adapt to the e-CNY and win credit space for the cross-border circulation of e-CNY.