湖北随州叶家山西周墓地M111出土铜器的检测分析及相关问题

Bronzes Unearthed from Tomb M111 at the Yejiashan Cemetery of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Suizhou,Hubei:Detection and Analysis and Related Issues

湖北随州叶家山墓地是西周早期曾国的高等级贵族墓地,葬制独特,布局清晰,保存完整,随葬器物种类多、数量大,备受学界关注[1]。其中M28、M65和M111三座墓葬尤为重要,是有确切铭文印证的曾侯墓,而且M28和M65均出土带有“曾侯谏”铭文的铜器[2]。M111所出青铜礼器中,有15件可见“曾侯”铭文,完全可以确定其墓主身份为一位曾侯;其中2件铜簋上发现有“曾侯犺作宝尊彝”铭文。

Abundant bronzes have been unearthed from Tomb M111 at the Yejiashan cemetery in Suizhou,Hubei.The cemetery belonged to the state of Zeng during the early Western Zhou Dynasty;according to the bronze inscriptions,the tomb occupant of M111 is Marquis Kang of Zeng.This paper comprehensively analyzed the technical characteristics of bronzes unearthed from M111 by means of metallographic examination,composition analysis,and lead isotope analysis,combined with studies on the craftmanship,inscriptions,and patterns of bronzes.Analysis results showed that the M111 bronzes were mainly manufactured by casting,including three material types:leaded tin bronze,tin bronze,and leaded bronze.For bronzes with the same inscriptions and decorative style,the alloy compositions are partially consistent while partially different.The leads in bronze samples are mainly ordinary,and a few are high-radiogenic leads.This paper provided scientific data for studying issues such as the technical characteristics and combinations of bronzes by combining analyses of scientific detection as well as bronze assemblage and inscriptions.