从不在地主到不在农民:农民居住格局的转变与城乡互惠关系中的乡村振兴

From Absentee Landlords to Absentee Farmers: The Change of the Residential Pattern of Farmers and Rural Revitalization in the Urban-Rural Reciprocity

20世纪30年代,由于不在地主群体的出现和农村地权的外流,一定程度上导致了城乡之间的金融危机。这一历史经验为当下解决不在农民问题提供了镜鉴。近年来,我国县城商品房销售面积的普遍性增长与不在农民群体的不断涌现,是两个同步的社会经济现象,体现了当代中国农民的城乡居住格局的变迁,表现出在地化、乡镇化、县市化、多栖化等四种居住特征。不在农民面临的房产金融压力与正在形成的新型社会结构,要求建立具有“城乡间性”的产业体系、就业体系与治理体系,将以城市消极汲取为特征的房地产金融关系,转变为具有积极互惠意义的城乡金融关系。如果城乡发展是一种具有互惠意义的发展,那么不在农民群体的居住多样性,就容易转化为城乡间的开放性与主动性,转化为推动乡村振兴的积极因素。

To some extent, the rural construction movement in the 1930 s had led to the financial crisis between urban and rural areas due to the emerging of the absentee landlords and the outflow of land rights. This experience provides a lesson for our current policy in dealing with the absentee farmers. In recent years, the widespread increase in the sales area of commercial houses in the counties and towns in China and the concurrent growing number of absentee farmers have jointly reflected the change of the urban and rural living patterns of contemporary Chinese farmers, with the following four characteristics: workplace preference, town preference, county preference, and multiple residency. The financial pressure of the housing need and the emerging social structure,which are now facing the absentee farmers, call for the establishment of an industrial system, an employment system and a governance system characterized by urban-rural connectivity, and the transformation of the housing finance system from unilateral urban supply to urban-rural reciprocity. With such reciprocity, the diversified residential patterns of the absentee farmers can easily translate into some open and briskly interactive relationship between urban and rural areas as well as the driving force for rural revitalization.