延安大生产运动时期纺织主题木刻版画研究

Wood Engravings on the Textile Theme during the Great Production Campaign in Yan’an

在延安大生产运动期间,纺车在传统劳动工具以外,被赋予了妇女的“战斗武器”和妇女解放途径等特殊价值和意涵。本文以1943—1945年间纺织主题的木刻版画为主要研究对象,试图解决何种身份、形象的女性可以作为妇纺运动的“代言人”出现在该时期的纺织主题版画创作中的问题。笔者认为:延安文艺座谈会之后,“生产”成为文艺表现的最重要内容,陕甘宁边区政府借用“男耕女织”传统性别分工的概念,将“纺织”塑造成新时代女性的公共劳动形式。由于战时统战的需要和对边区早期妇女解放运动过激倾向的修正,纺织主题版画中的“新女性”形象逐渐隐退,“贤妻良母”型的底层劳动妇女作为画面主角的形象最终被确定下来。

During the Great Production Campaign in Yan’an,the spinning wheel was not only the traditional instrument of labor,but also endowed with special value and meaning of“fighting weapon”and the path of women’s liberation.Taking wood engravings on textile themes from 1943to 1945 as the main research objects,the author tries to get clear on the women’s identity and image appeared as the“spokespersons”of women’s textile movement in the wood engravings on the textile theme in this period.The author holds that the“production”had become the most important content of literary and artistic creation since the Yan’an forum on literature and art.Using the concept of traditional gender division of labor of“the men ploughing and the women weaving”,the government of Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area tried to make“weaving”as women’s public labor form in a new era.Due to the need of the united front in the war and the correction of the extreme tendency of the early women liberation movement in the border area,the“new women”image in the engravings on textile theme gradually disappeared and the image of the laboring women as“virtuous wife and good mother”finally became the certain leading role in the engravings.