蒙古国车勒县石特尔墓地2018年考古发掘主要收获

Excavation Report of SHTR Cemetery in 2018

2018年4月中国国家博物馆与蒙古国国家博物馆签署“蒙古国青铜时期至早期铁器时期游牧文化研究项目”合作协议,并于当年5月组建联合考古队对石特尔墓地进行考古调查和发掘。石特尔墓地是位于蒙古国中央省车勒县一处较大的匈奴帝国晚期普通墓地,蒙古国学者一般称之为“平民墓地”。该墓地分为东西两区,合计总面积约13.5万平米,墓葬数量约418座。2018年的考古工作分为调查和发掘两个部分,总计发掘大、中、小型墓葬5座,分别编号M1、M2、M3、XM1和XM2,其中XM1和XM2属于M1的殉人墓。通过发掘,我们对石特尔墓地的等级结构、文化性质、面貌和年代等有了初步认识,墓地揭示了匈奴文化的多元性及汉匈文化交流的普遍性。

In April,2008,the National Museum of China and the National Museum of Mongolia signed the cooperation agreement of“the research project of nomadic culture in Mongolia from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age”.Then a joint archaeological team was organized to investigate and excavate the SHTR cemetery in May.SHTR cemetery is the large common cemetery in late Hun Empire period located in Tseel,Central Aymak of Mongolia,so Mongolian scholars also call them“civilian cemetery”.The cemetery can be divided into the eastern and western area,with a total area of 135,000 square meters and 418 tombs.During the archaeological work including investigation and excavation in 2018,five tombs of large,medium and small scale numbered M1,M2,M3,XM1and XM2 were excavated in total.Among them,in XM1 and XM2 as affiliated tombs of M1,persons were buried alive with the dead.Through the excavations,we have a preliminary understanding of the hierarchical structure,cultural attribute,appearance and date of SHTR cemetery,revealing the diversity of Huns culture and the universality of Han-Huns cultural exchanges.