综放工作面采煤机喷雾控尘技术研究与应用

Research and application of dust control technology for shearer in fully mechanized top coal caving face

以羊场湾煤矿150201综放工作面为工程背景,通过对采煤机喷雾控尘风流场变化分析,建立了喷雾控尘数学模型,计算得出控尘喷雾角度及喷嘴数量,并结合采煤机结构,设计了适应该类条件的扇形雾幕控尘装置,实现了采煤机滚筒割煤扇形雾幕控尘,可有效解决割煤粉尘扩散污染问题;通过实验室测试及现场应用表明:扇形雾幕控尘装置在喷雾压力6~8MPa之间时,有效射程稳定在3.5m以上,有效覆盖面积可达4.9m^(2)以上;司机位置总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度由原来的534.6mg/m^(3)和156.8mg/m^(3),分别降低到146.8mg/m^(3)和48.6mg/m^(3),降尘效率分别为72.54%和69.01%;机尾10m位置总粉尘和呼吸性粉尘浓度分别降低了73.85%和72.16%,研发的扇形雾幕控尘装置可有效降低采煤机割煤粉尘横向扩散问题,操作人员作业环境得到明显改善,效果显著。

Taking the 150201 fully mechanized caving face of Yangchangwan Coal Mine as the engineering background,the mathematical model of spray dust control is established through analyzing the variation of the air flow field of the spray control dust of the shearer,the dust control spray angle and the quantity of the nozzle is calculated,and the fan screen dust control device is designed for the conditions according to the structure of the shearer,and the fan-shaped mist curtain dust control is realized for the shearer coal cutting,which can control the dust diffusion in coal cutting.It is shown in the laboratory tests and field applications that the effective range of the fan mist curtain dust control device is over 3.5 m,the spray pressure is 6~8 MPa,and the effective coverage area is over 4.9 m^(2).The total dust and respirable dust concentration in driver’s position decreases from 534.6 mg/m^(3) and 156.8 mg/m^(3) to 146.8 mg/m^(3) and48.6 mg/m^(3),respectively,and the dust reduction efficiency was 72.54%and 69.01%,respectively.The concentration of total dust and respirable dust at 10 m position at the tail of the shearer are reduced by 73.85%and 72.16%,respectively.The fan-shaped mist curtain dust control device can control the transverse dust diffusion during coal cutting,and significantly improve the operating environment of coal shearer.