国际粮食供应链安全风险与应对研究

Research on Security Risks of International Food Supply Chain and Countermeasures

百年未有之大变局下,国际粮食供应链安全风险显著增加,加大了国际粮食市场利用的难度,如何防范国际粮食供应链安全风险、稳定国际粮食供应链是亟待解决的重要问题。国际粮食供应链安全面临着包括国际粮食供应风险、运输风险和需求风险在内的供应链内部具体风险及以粮价波动风险为主的供应链外部系统风险,新冠肺炎疫情蔓延、自然灾害频发及地缘政治冲突等诱发国际粮食供应链安全风险愈发凸显。由于供应链不同环节风险间的关联性,加大了风险的应对难度,为有效应对国际粮食供应链安全风险,建议从加强全链条监测预警、保障国内粮食市场供给、完善粮食储备机制、推动进口来源多元化、扩展粮食运输通道等途径提升国际粮食供应链安全风险的治理能力。

Under the great changes not seen in a century,the security risks of the international food supply chain have increased significantly,increasing the difficulty of using the international food market.How to prevent the security risks of the international food supply chain and stabilize the international food supply chain is an important problem to be solved urgently.The security of the international grain supply chain faces specific risks within the supply chain including international grain supply risk,transportation risk and demand risk,and external system risk of the supply chain mainly based on the risk of grain price fluctuations.The spread of the COVID-19,frequent natural disasters,and geopolitical conflicts have caused security risks in the international food supply chain to become increasingly prominent.Due to the correlation between risks in different links of the supply chain,it is more difficult to deal with risks.In order to effectively deal with the security risks of the international food supply chain,this paper proposes to improve the governance capacity of international grain supply chain security risks by strengthening the monitoring and early warning of the whole chain,ensuring the supply of the domestic grain market,improving the grain reserve mechanism,promoting the diversification of import sources,and expanding the grain transportation channel.