重大火灾隐患监督整改程序问题研究

Study on the Supervision and Rectification Procedure of Major Fire Hazards

重大火灾隐患可能造成重大、特别重大火灾事故或严重社会影响,监督整改重大火灾隐患是消防行政管理的重要内容。2006年公安部消防局下发的《重大火灾隐患判定、督办及立销案办法(试行)》已于2014年7月废止,现行国家标准并未提及重大火灾隐患督促整改过程中的执法程序。在介绍重大火灾隐患监督整改程序的基础上,指出实际工作中隐患内容是否同时受案查处、隐患判定是否可以行政救济、拒不整改如何处理以及部分整改能否销案等问题大多不规范、不明确。建议从顶层立法先导、规范化文件衔接、厘清职责权限、论证平衡法益四个方面入手,完善重大火灾隐患监督整改程序。

Major fire hazards may cause major or especially serious fire accidents or serious social impact.The supervision and rectification of major fire hazards is an important content of fire administration.The Measures for Determining,Supervising and Disposing Major Fire Hazards(Trial)issued by the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security in 2006 was abolished in July 2014.The current national standards do not mention the law enforcement procedures in the supervision and rectification process of major fire hazards.On the basis of introducing the supervision and rectification procedures,this paper points out that most of the problems in the actual work,such as whether to accept the case,whether to offer administrative relief,how to handle the case when rectification suggestion is denied,whether to dismiss the rectification record,are not standardized and unclear.It is necessary to perfect the supervision and reform procedure of major fire hazards from four aspects,namely,the top legislative guide,the standardization of document connection,the clarification of responsibilities and authorities and balancing legal interests.