机床主轴系统热变形分析与实验研究

Thermal Deformation Analysis of Machine Tool Spindle System and Experimental Research

对机床主轴系统的发热与变形情况进行理论与实验研究。对主轴系统进行受力分析,建立三维模型。运用传热原理对机床主轴系统的温度场进行有限元热特性分析,得出机床主轴高速运转下的热变形的仿真结果,机床主轴系统最右端轴向伸长3μm,上翘9.1μm。在此基础上开展实验,借助红外温度传感器与位移传感器测得机床主轴系统的热变形,验证了有限元分析得合理性,为下一步的机床热误差补偿提供必备的条件。该机床主轴系统的热变形在径向和轴向的差别较大,后续热误差补偿应主要考虑径向变形。

The heat generation and deformation of machine tool spindle system are studied theoretically and experimentally. A three-dimensional model is established with analysis of forces of the spindle system.The temperature field of machine tool spindle system is analyzed by finite element method based on heat transfer principle,and the simulation results of thermal deformation of machine tool spindle under high speed operation are obtained. The right end of the spindle system of the machine tool extends 3microns in the axial direction and 9.1 microns in the radial upward direction.On this basis,experiments are carried out to measure the thermal deformation of machine tool spindle system by means of infrared temperature sensor and displacement sensor,which verifies the rationality of finite element analysis and provides necessary conditions for the thermal error compensation of machine tool in the next step. The thermal deformation of the spindle system of the machine tool varies greatly in the radial and axial directions,and the radial deformation should be taken into account in subsequent thermal error compensation.