斯坦利和威廉姆森对Knowing-How是一种Knowing-That的辩护

On Stanley and Williamson’s Defense that Knowing-How is a Species of Knowing-That

理智主义主张KH是一种KT,并将其视为核心观点。但是,赖尔指出理智主义必然导致无穷后退。斯坦利和威廉姆森重构了赖尔的无穷后退论证,指出践行KH的行动是有意行动,但思考命题知识的活动不是有意行动,因此,赖尔关于理智主义必然导致无穷后退的观点站不住脚。此外,他们还运用主流语法学和语义学理论证明KH就是一种KT。分析发现,他们对无穷后退论证的重构违背了赖尔的原意,对KH是一种KT的辩护没有成功。由于忽视了KH蕴含的能力意义,斯坦利和威廉姆森既没有也无法将KH还原为KT。质言之,KH是一种不同于KT的知识。

The core viewpoint of intellectualism is that knowing-how(KH)is a species of knowing-that(KT).However,Ryle pointed out that intellectualism must lead to a vicious regress.Stanley and Williamson reconstructed Ryle’s argument of vicious regress,proposed that the act of practicing KH be intentional and the act of thinking about KT not be intentional,and indicated Ryle’s criticism of intellectualism wasn’t tenable.Besides,they proved that KH was a species of KT by using the mainstream theory of syntactics and semantics.It has been found that Stanley and Williamson’s reconstitution of vicious regress goes against Ryle’s initial intention,their argument that KH is a species of KT is invalid.Ignoring the meaning of ability implied in KH,Stanley and Williamson couldn’t defend that KH was a species of KT.In principle,KH is a different species of knowledge from KT.