马克思主义科技与人文相融合的理与路——科技伦理共识问题研究

Marxist Theory and Practice Approach on the Integration of Science,Technology and Humanities——Research on Sci-Tech ethical consensus issues

马克思从现实的人的实践生存论出发得出科技与人文、社会科学相统一的论断,揭示了科学技术的本体论基础,明确了人的自由解放与全面发展的科技价值目标。马克思科技与人文相融合的思想,奠定了科技异化与调控的认识论和方法论基础;当代科技与人文的实质性融合寓于科技利益攸关方多元参与的科技评估与审查中;实质性融合的表征,在于利益攸关方多元参与形成的科技伦理共识。实现实质性融合的实践进路,一是构建科技与人文之间有机互动的实践空间;二是确立以基本道德共识为核心的科技伦理语境;最后是以基本道德共识为逻辑起点,通过共识影响要素的调节,形成促进伦理共识形成的引导原则,以此促使科技与人文实质性融合并为科技异化的调控提供依据。

From the practical survival theory of human being,Marx drew the conclusion that science and technology are unified with humanity and social science,revealed the ontological basis of science and technology,and made clear the scientific and technological value goal of human’s free liberation and all-round development.Marx’s idea of integrating science and technology with humanity lays the epistemological and methodological foundation for the alienation and regulation of science and technology;Substantive integration of science and technology with humanity is embodied in science and technology assessment and review with multiple participation of science and technology stakeholders;The representation of the substantial integration of science and technology and humanity lies in the scientific and technological ethical consensus formed by the multiple participation of stakeholders.There are three necessary stages to realize the substantive integration of science and technology and humanity:First,it builds a space platform for the organic interaction between science and technology and humanity.Second,it establishes the context of science and technology ethics with the basic moral consensus as the core to provide contextual guarantee for the full dialogue between science and technology and humanity.At length,it takes the basic moral consensus as the logical starting point,and forms the guiding principles of ethical consensus by adjusting the influencing factors of the consensus,so as to promote the substantive integration of science and technology and humanity and provide a basis for the regulation of science and technology alienation.