基于农作物灌溉定额的干旱区棉花节水潜力分析

Analysis on Water Saving Potential of Cotton in Arid Area based on the Crop Irrigation Quota

农作物在不同的灌溉条件下具有不同的基本灌溉定额,为探讨干旱区塔里木盆地棉花微灌的节水潜力,通过多年平均的棉花灌溉定额,研究分析塔里木河盆地棉花节水潜力。结果表明:(1)棉花单位产品虚拟水含量较高,种植面积的增加,导致农业耗水的增加,从2000年到2018年间,塔里木河盆地棉花种植面积增长是原来的2倍,导致棉花用水不断增加;(2)根据塔里木盆地棉花灌溉定额计算,在2000至2018年间,塔里木盆地全部采用微灌的情况下理论上可以节水228.66亿立方米;(3)2018年理论节水潜力21.60亿立方米,实际已节水14.4亿立方米,还有节水潜力为7.20亿立方米。为加强棉花节水灌溉的推广,建议加强节水基础设施建设、节水组织与制度建设,以及通过市场机制调节用水节水。

The crops have different basic irrigation quota under different irrigation conditions. In order to explore the water-saving potential of cotton micro-irrigation in Tarim Basin. The research analyzed the trend of water-saving potential in Tarim River Basin through the average irrigation quota of cotton for many years. The results showed that the virtual water content of cotton unit product is high, and the increase of cotton planting area leads to the increase of agricultural water consumption. From 2000 to 2018, the cotton planting area increased by twice the original in the Tarim Basin, leads to increase of cotton water consumption. Second, according to the calculation of cotton irrigation quota in the Tarim Basin, it is theoretically possible to save 228.66×10^(8) m^(3) water of the micro irrigation in the Tarim Basin from 2000 to 2018. Third, the theoretical water saving potential is 21.60×10^(8) m^(3) in 2018, the actual water saving is 14.4×10^(8) m^(3), and the water saving potential is 7.20×10^(8) m^(3). In order to promote cotton water-saving irrigation, it is suggested to that strengthen water-saving infrastructure construction, water-saving organization and system construction, and adjust water-saving through market mechanism.