海洋检验检测机构质量管理体系运行有效性综合评价方法研究

A Comprehensive Method for Evaluating Running Effectiveness of Quality Management Systems of Ocean Inspection Bodies and Laboratories

为保证海洋调查观测监测工作质量,满足合法合规的要求,自然资源管理部门对海洋检验检测机构的质量管理体系运行情况进行定期检查或评估,确保其能支撑各项海洋任务得到可信的数据结果。然而,这些评估多采用定性方式,对这些机构的质量管理体系运行的有效性进行系统性量化评价的科学方法仍需进一步研究。文章以海洋调查观测监测工作的特殊要求为导向,从资源配置、实施过程和结果成效3个方面,识别人员、设备、方法及其使用、质量控制、成果载体和改进6项评价指标,并引入机构资质合法性、数据真实性和质量验收结果3个“一票否决”指标;基于加权累加法建立评价模型,使用层次分析法确定各项指标的权重,设置评价标准和等级界限;构建海洋检验检测机构质量管理体系运行有效性评价综合评价方法,并给出覆盖海洋调查观测监测工作的事前、事中、事后的评价流程建议;以承担海洋生态预警监测任务的检验检测机构为例进行评价示范,体现该评价方法具有实用性。

In order to ensure the quality of the results of ocean investigation,observation and monitoring as well as to ensure their compliance of relative laws,branches of Ministry of Natural Resources regularly assessed the running status of the quality management systems of the ocean inspection bodies and laboratories,which was to confirm their ability of obtaining reliable data and results from the marine tasks.However,these assessments were usually based on qualitative methods;a systematic and quantitative method required further research.The paper focused on the particular requirements of marine tasks,recognized 3 relative aspects:deployment of resources,processes of implementation and effectiveness of results,and divided them into 6 indicators:employees,instruments,methods and their application,quality controlling,carriers of outputs and improvement.Meanwhile,3 “one-vote veto” indicators were distinguished:legitimacy of the organization’s qualification,authenticity of the data and result of the quality acceptance test.On the basis of these,an evaluation model depending on weighted accumulation method was established,the weights were acquired through Analytic Hierarchy Process method,the standards and the rule of grading were set,and an index system to evaluate running effectiveness of quality management systems of ocean inspection bodies and laboratories was constructed.At the end of the paper,an advised procedure to conduct the evaluation method was illustrated,and a demonstration on assessing the marine ecology monitoring organizations was given,which showed the practicability of the evaluation method.