生物材料介导骨免疫调控的骨形成及成骨机制

Biomaterial-mediated osteoimmune modulation induces osteogenesis and the underlying mechanisms

骨免疫系统(Immuno-skeletal interface,ISI)是指骨骼系统和免疫系统之间共享的细胞和细胞因子的集中化作用,其在维持骨稳态和调节骨重建中起着至关重要的作用。骨科生物材料在植入体内后会不可避免地引发宿主免疫反应,且炎症程度会直接影响植入物的性能,特别是骨诱导性。因此,材料表面的润湿度、所带离子电荷量、拓朴结构等理化性质,可显著调控机体的免疫细胞,以构建不同的免疫微环境,进而实现对成骨过程的动态调控。巨噬细胞作为固有免疫系统的第一道防线,在此过程中发挥了重要的作用。本文重点介绍生物材料与骨免疫之间相互关系,以及其如何通过免疫调控介导骨形成的潜在机制,旨在为今后临床研发新型的、具备骨免疫调节性能的功能性先进材料提供一种崭新的设计思路。

The immuno-skeletal interface(ISI)refers to the centralized effects of reciprocal cells and cellular cytokines between the skeletal system and the immune system,which plays a vital role in the maintenance of the bone metabolism and bone remodeling balance.Once implanted in vivo,orthopaedic biomaterials will inevitably induce a foreign body reaction/rejection.This immune-material reaction is one of the most important determinants of the performance of implants,especially for osteoinductivity.Therefore,the physical and chemical properties of the material surface,such as moisture,ionic charge and topological structure,can significantly modulate the immune cells of the body to create different immune micro-environments,thereby dynamically regulating the whole healing cascade of osteogenesis.Macrophages,as the first line of defense of the innate immune system,take center stage in this process.This review focuses on the relationship between biomaterials and bone immunity,as well as the potential mechanism of how biomaterials mediate bone regeneration via osteoimmunomodulation pathway,with a clinical purpose for the development of advanced functional materials standing out as being osteoimmune properties in the future.