寒地露地板栗南瓜化肥农药减施技术

Technology of Reducing Fertilizer and Pesticide Application of Chestnut Pumpkin in Cold Field

黑龙江省板栗南瓜种植区域分布广泛,种植面积大,除满足本地消费市场外,作为北菜南运重要蔬菜品种大量销往全国。生产中存在化肥和农药泛滥使用,超标使用现象普遍,导致肥料利用率低、土壤、环境恶化。为了农产品的安全生产,人民的身体健康,化肥、化学农药的减施势在必行。技术以黑龙江省寒区主栽的南瓜为研究对象,依据南瓜养分需求特性与限量标准,筛选与优化化学肥料减施与替代技术。重点开展南瓜病虫害的化学农药减量使用技术研究与示范;开发利用GC-16系列生态制剂应用技术与精准施药技术,生物农药与高效低毒低残留化学农药联合应用防治病虫害的农药减量施用技术,有效控制露地南瓜病虫害的发生与危害。

In Heilongjiang Province,the chestnut pumpkin has a large cultivation and wide distribution area.In addition to meeting the local consumer market,pumpkin is sold throughout the country as an important vegetable variety of northern vegetables transported to the south.In production,farmers generally use chemical fertilizers and pesticides excessively,and the phenomenon of the excessive use is common and obvious,resulting in low fertilizer utilization and deterioration of the soil and environment.For the safe production of agricultural products and the health of the people,it is imperative to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.In this study,pumpkin varieties mainly grown in the cold regions of Heilongjiang Province were used.The technologies of chemical fertilizer reduction and substitution were screened and optimized based on the characteristics of pumpkin nutrient requirement and limit standard.This study focused on the research and demonstration of technology of the reducing application of chemical pesticides for pumpkin diseases and insect pests.The technology of reducing application of chemical pesticides was developed and utilized,including application technology of GC-16 series of ecological preparation,precision application technology,and combined application of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides with high efficiency,low toxicity and low residue to effectively control the occurrence and damage of pests and diseases of open-field pumpkins.