运动作息行为对3~6岁儿童心理健康影响的等时替代效益研究

Isotemporal Substitution Effect of Movement Behavior on Mental Health of 3-6 Years Old Children

运动作息行为由睡眠(SP)、静坐行为(SB)、低强度体力活动(LPA)和中高强度体力活动(MVPA)4种身体行为组成。使用成分数据分析法,系统探究3~6儿童(共348名,其中男孩170名,女孩178名)运动作息行为时间相对分布对心理健康的影响,调整行为整体及单个其他行为所花费的时间后,每种身体行为与心理健康的关联以及一种行为等时替代另一种行为部分时间后心理健康的变化性。发现,运动作息行为的时间分布与多动、外化行为问题和困难均具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05),然而相对于其他身体行为,仅SB与外化行为问题相关具有显著性(P=0.031)。等时替代分析揭示,屏幕观看类SB替代电子游戏类SB、安静学习类SB、SP和LPA时,外化行为问题得分均显著上升(20 min电子游戏类SB除外),而安静学习类SB替代其他类型身体行为时,外化行为问题得分均有所降低(20 min电子游戏SB除外),电子游戏类SB替代屏幕观看类SB时外化行为问题得分均显著下降,而替代MVPA时外化行为问题得分均显著上升。未来教育者改善学龄前儿童心理健康时,需着眼于不同类型SB比例的调整,审慎对待睡眠和体力活动时间的调整,其中通过适度增加安静学习类SB,降低屏幕观看类SB和电子游戏类SB以降低学龄前儿童的外化行为问题是当前最为切实可行的路径。

Movement behavior consists of four physical behaviors:sleep(SP),sedentary behavior(SB),light physical activity(LPA),and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Compositional data analysis is used to systematically explore the impact of the relative temporal distribution of movement behavior on mental health in 3-6 children(A total of 348,including 170 boys and 178 girls),the association of each physical behavior with mental health after adjusting the time spent on the behavior as a whole and on individual behaviors and the variability of mental health after part of the time when one behavior replaces another behavior.The results showed that the temporal distribution of movement behavior were statistically significant(p<0.05)with hyperactivity,externalization prob⁃lem and difficulty,while only SB was significantly associated with externalization problem relative to other physical behaviors(p=0.031).Isotemporal substitu⁃tion analysis revealed that screen-viewed SB replaced video game SB,quiet learning SB,SP and LPA externalizing problem significantly increased(except 20-minute video game SB),however,the externalizing problem is reduced when quiet learning SB replaces other types of physical behaviors(except for 20-min⁃ute video game SB),the externalizing problems decreased significantly when video game SB replaced screen-viewed SB,while the externalizing problem in⁃creased significantly when MVPA was replaced.In order to improve the mental health of preschool children,future educators need to focus on the adjustment of the proportion of different types of SB,and treat the adjustment of sleep and physical activity time with caution.Among them,by appropriately increasing quiet learning SB,reducing screen-viewed SB and video game SB to reduce the externalizing problem of preschool children is currently the most feasible method.