论鲁迅后期启蒙思想的嬗变与深化

On the Development and Innovation of the Enlightenment Thought of Lu Xun in the Later Period

对于鲁迅后期启蒙思想的发展,学界已经有不少讨论,亦有不少突破。但是总的来说,还存在某种前后期研究的“断裂”现象,往往简单地认为鲁迅后期转向了革命,其启蒙思想也随之发生了转变甚至中断。而从鲁迅后期的一系列文学活动可以看出,他不但仍然坚持启蒙精神,且其启蒙对象从民众延伸到了知识者自身,并通过自我质疑和自我启蒙深化了启蒙的意味。与早期相比,鲁迅后期对启蒙者与被启蒙者之间的距离问题有了新的认识,且从“任个人而排众数”变为“重众数且任个人”,试图建立一套以“被启蒙者为本位”的新的启蒙知识系统。鲁迅不断对过去被神化的启蒙知识系统进行质疑与批判,使其后期的启蒙思想变得更加丰富。对鲁迅后期启蒙思想的探讨,使我们能够感受到一个复杂、整体性的鲁迅形象。

There are many studies on the development of the enlightenment thought of Lu Xun in the later period,but on the whole,there are still some studies that simply divide the enlightenment thought of Lu Xun into the early and the late period.They often point out that Lu Xun turned to revolution in his later period and with it his enlightenment thought also changed or simply ended.However,from a series of literary activities in the later period of Lu Xun,it can be seen that he not only adhered to the spirit of enlightenment in the later period,but also extended the object of enlightenment from the masses to the intellectuals themselves.What is important is that compared with the early period,Lu Xun had a new understanding of the distance between the enlighteners and the enlightenees in his later stage,and his enlightenment concept changed from“respecting the individual and ignoring the masses”to“respecting both individuals and the masses”.In addition,he also tried to establish a new“enlightenee-oriented”enlightenment knowledge system.Lu Xun constantly questioned and criticized the enlightenment knowledge system that had been deified in the past,and thus enriched his later enlightenment thought.Through the exploration of the later enlightenment thought of Lu Xun will enable us to have a complex and complete image of Lu Xun.