庐山诗词中典型景观时空特征及旅游审美研究

A Study on the Space-Time Characteristics of Typical Landscapes and Tourism Aesthetics in Poetry about the Lushan Mountain

在文学地理学的范畴中,诗词作品中的景观元素蕴含丰富的空间信息和审美思想。基于人地关系视角挖掘诗词中典型景观信息,对于旅游审美的建构具有重要现实意义。文章在梳理整合庐山历代诗词中的景观信息基础上,通过构建景观典型性指数Ki和典型景观指数Li,并考察各历史时期中景观系统的发展情况,运用Ripley’s K函数和地理探测器方法,分析景观多尺度空间格局和影响机制,发现:(1)诗词中典型景观增长呈迂回式上升发展,出现频数的密集分布情况与区域集群的分布规模较为一致。(2)诗词中典型景观整体上显著集聚,各类景观分别呈现出随机或者均匀分布规律,与诗词构景的景观多样化需求有关;建筑与水文类型景观特征空间尺度大,山岳和生物类相对较小。(3)典型景观出现频数主要受到区域因子和类型因子的影响,各因子两两交互解释力显著提升。诗词中的诗性精神,通过景观的空间布局和历史感营造在现代旅游中进行呈现,对提升旅游者的审美体验具有重要借鉴意义。

In literary geography,landscapes in poetry provide a rich reserve of spatial information and aesthetics.It is relevant for the building of tourism aesthetic thinking to study the historical evolution and spatial distribution of the typical landscapes in poetry from the perspective of the human-land relationship.The paper,basing on the landscape information from poems about the Lushan Mountain,constructs Ki,the typicality index of landscape,and Li,the index for typical landscape,to study the development of the landscape system in different historical periods.Also,by using Ripley’s K function and a geographical detector,it analyzes the multi-scale spatial pattern of landscapes and factors that influence their frequency of appearance,which provides important reference for the construction of tourist scenic areas and aesthetic guidance of tourists.The study shows:(1)Comparing the index for typical landscapese of different historical periods,there is a circuitous upward trend in the increase of typical landscapes in poems.Their scale is sensitive to changes in the historical environment while their typicality is relatively stable among different types of landscapes.Their development is connected to the course of history and regional development,manifested in aesthetics as the delay in cultural accumulation and the anteriority of aesthetic guidance.As the poetry in the landscape has become a relatively stable collective memory through the years,the tourism scenes create the sense of history mainly through logic construction and emotional shaping.(2)As to spatial distribution,the landscapes in the poems appear in clusters and show a certain combination and codependency.The distribution of frequency is similar to that of regional clusters,with those of the same type scattered and different types mixed.The typical landscapes in poetry show a general trend of clustering.Different types of landscapes are distributed randomly or evenly,which is affected by the need for variety in the landscape construction in poetry.Differences in special scale are evident among different types of landscapes,especially architecture and hydrological landscape,so the special scale in tourism landscape design must correspond with the type of the landscape.(3)Geographical detection shows the following results:The frequency of appearance of typical landscapes are chiefly affected by the factors of region and type,which interact and significantly increase their explanatory power.Religious culture,altitude,and gradient are also factors that can influence the frequency to a certain degree.Therefore,all factors must be taken into account in tourism landscape design.Compared to natural elements,the cultural environment has a greater influence on the typical landscapes in poetry.The location and distribution of landscapes are also vital to the aesthetic choice of the poet.Both the poet and reader have undergone a construction based on the material space and a reconstruction based on the imaginary space.The poetry in poems is presented in modern tourism through the spatial layout and the creation of a sense of history,providing an important reference for improving the aesthetic experience of tourists.