三峡大老岭地区几种野生重楼属植物驯化栽培研究

Research on domestication cultivation of several wild Paris L.plants in Dalaoling Nature Reserve of the Three Gorges

为提高重楼栽培种植的经济效益,以及更好服务广大林农脱贫致富和产业调整,开展不同种类物候观测和栽培对比试验研究,进一步筛选适宜推广品种,探索丰产栽培技术,以期指导重楼人工种植中药材产业的科学发展.在前期野外调查的基础上,选择七叶一枝花、球药隔重楼、华重楼3种野生种源为基础,设置3个地点海拔梯度因素,开展不同物种生活节律物候期对比观测,以地下茎年净增长、增粗、增重为自变量开展对比栽培试验研究.结果表明:①3种重楼生长期(出苗期-枯死期)长短排序为华重楼>球药隔重楼>七叶一枝花.②七叶一枝花地下茎年增长均值、年增重均值最大,分别达到4.584 cm、9.271 g,球药隔重楼花地下茎年增粗均值最大,达到0.518 cm,七叶一枝花栽培表现型最优,球药隔重楼次之,可作为重点栽培繁殖品种.从地点上看,千斤园(海拔1000 m)在地下茎年增长均值、年增重均、增粗均值均优于其他两个地点,可作为重点推广区域.

In order to improve the economic benefits of Paris polyphylla cultivation and better serve the adjustment of forest farmers in poverty alleviation and prosperity industry,we carried out phenological observation and cultivation comparative experimental research of different species,further screened suitable varieties for popularization,and explored high-yield cultivation techniques,so as to guide the scientific development of artificial planting Chinese herbal medicine industry in Paris polyphylla.Based on three wild provenances of Paris polyphylla,Paris fargesii and Paris polyphylla var.chinensis(Franch.)Hara,altitude gradient factors were set at three sites to carry out comparative observation of phenological periods of life rhythm of different species,and comparative cultivation experiments were carried out with annual net growth,thickening and weight gain of underground stems as independent variables.The results showed that the order of growth period(emergence period-dead period)of three species of Paris polyphylla was Paris polyphylla var.chinensis(Franch.)Hara>Paris fargesii>Paris polyphylla.The average annual growth and weight gain of underground stem of Paris polyphylla was the largest,reaching 4.584 cm and 9.271 g respectively.The average annual thickening of underground stem of Paris fargesii was the largest,reaching 0.518 cm.The cultivation phenotype of Paris polyphylla was the best,followed by Paris fargesii,which could be used as a key cultivation and breeding variety.In terms of location,Qianjinyuan(1000 m above sea level)was superior to the other two places in terms of average annual growth,average annual weight gain and average thickening of underground stems,and could be used as a key promotion area.