私人记忆与历史重建:抗战时期国立第六中学大后方办学研究

Personal Memory and Historical Reconstruction:Research of School Running of the National Sixth Middle School in the Rear Area During the Anti-Japanese War

全面抗战时期,国民政府教育部先后在大后方创设34所国立中学,其中,国立第一中学至第二十二中学以成立先后顺序命名。办学八年,国立中学在维系和提升中等教育水准、助推高等教育发展以及推进中西部文教和社会发展方面发挥了独特而深远的影响。鉴于目前少有深入、系统地从兴学育才这一角度切入与梳理抗战时期国立中学大后方办学理念与实践的专门研究,本文选择全面抗战爆发后由鲁至川艰难办学、作育人才成效显著的国立第六中学作为研究个案,以学校办学历程为主线,基于师生回忆录、自传、日记等私人记忆,尝试从师生的个体叙事重新进入历史,还原与再现烽火年代国立第六中学艰难办学和作育人才的历史图景,加深对其教育理念与办学特色、创新人才培养规律以及学校文化品格的认识。对于国立第六中学这一曾经的历史存在而言,其能够在艰辛坎坷的办学过程中始终重视追求并保持卓越的育人质量,其办学者面对艰危时局依旧能够勉力维持,教师身处厄境依旧能够敬业如常,学生面对简衣陋食依旧能够弦诵不辍,这种已然超越物质性的强大理想信念和学校精神文化在当时确属难能可贵,时至今日依然值得正在致力建设高质量教育体系,实现教育现代化的我国基础教育发展与改革所珍视,这既有助于传承与弘扬抗战文化与抗战精神,也可为推进和深化中学教育发展与改革提供启示。

During the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,the Ministry of Education of the National Government successively established 34 national middle schools in the rear area,of which the First National Middle School to the Twenty-second National Middle School were named successively.During the eight years of school running,national middle schools played a unique and far-reaching influence in maintaining and improving the level of secondary education,boosting the development of higher education and promoting cultural,educational and social development in the central and western regions.In view of the lack of in-depth and systematic special research on the concept and practice of running a national middle school in the rear area during the Anti-Japanese War from the perspective of establishing schools and cultivating talents,this paper selects the National Sixth Middle School as a case study,which has been struggling to run a school from Shandong to Sichuan after the outbreak of the comprehensive Anti-Japanese War,but it has achieved remarkable results in cultivating talents.At the same time,taking the process of running schools as the main line,and basing on the personal memories of teachers and students,such as memoirs,autobiographies and diaries,this paper tries to re-enter the history from the individual narration of teachers and students,restore and recreate the historical picture of the difficulties of running schools and cultivating talents in the National Sixth Middle School during the beacon years,and deepen the understanding of its educational concepts and characteristics,the laws of cultivating innovative talents and the cultural characters of the school.For the historical existence of National Sixth Middle School,it can always attach importance to the pursuit and maintenance of excellent educational quality in the arduous and bumpy process of running school,and its operators can still maintain the situation in the face of difficult and dangerous times,teachers can still be dedicated to their work in the face of adversity,and students can still persist in learning in the face of simple clothes and poor food.This kind of strong ideal and belief and school spiritual culture,which has gone beyond materiality,was indeed commendable at that time.Today,it is still worthy to be cherished by the development and reform of basic education in China,which is committed to building a high-quality education system and realizing educational modernization,and it not only helps to inherit and carry forward the culture and spirit of the Anti-Japanese War,but also provides inspiration for promoting and deepening the development and reform of middle school education.