地方应用型本科院校“一体三贯通”创新创业教育模式的理论旨趣与实践成效

The Theoretical Purpose and Practical Results of the"One Body and Three Penetration"Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Mode in Local Application-oriented Undergraduate Colleges

我国高校形成的以中国人民大学、北京航空航天大学、上海交通大学为代表的三种典型创新创业教育模式,主要基于实力雄厚的院校而构建。对这些模式的借鉴和推广,地方应用型本科院校表现出明显的不适应性。地方应用型本科院校创新创业教育面临着现实困境,包括创新创业教育运行不畅,缺乏有效协调机制;创新创业课程供给不足,与项目“孵化”不匹配;创新创业空间建设不足,育人场景缺乏联动;创新创业教育评价缺失,改革缺乏有效针对性等问题。以上述问题的解决为导向,以“创新创业教育与人才培养一体化”教育理念为指导,基于地方应用型本科院校定位和人才培养目标,以成都大学为代表的地方应用型本科院校经过十多年的探索与实践,建立双创教育与人才培养“一体”的运行机制,建设“一干多层”课程“孵化链”,构建“一核三圈”实践平台,实施“一测双评”全过程评价,实现双创教育与人才培养在教育过程、教育场景、教育评价“三贯通”,形成了“一体三贯通”的创新创业教育模式。该模式通过多年实践检验,较好解决了地方应用型本科院校创新创业教育存在的问题,在实践推广中表现出良好的适应性和可复制性,形成地方应用型本科院校双创教育新范式,双创育人成效明显,促进了学校综合实力显著提升。

At present,our country's colleges and universities have formed three typical innovation and entrepreneurship education modes represented by Renmin University of China,Beihang University,and Shanghai Jiao Tong University,most of which are constructed based on powerful universities.The reference and promotion of these modes in local application-oriented colleges shows obvious incompatibility.Application-oriented undergraduate colleges are faced with practical difficulties in four aspects as followed:innovation and entrepreneurship education is not performed smoothly and lacks an effective coordination mechanism;the supply of innovation and entrepreneurship courses is insufficient,which does not match with the project incubation;the construction of innovation and entrepreneurship spaces is insufficient,and educational scenarios are short of connection and interaction;there is a lack of evaluation of innovation and entrepreneurship education,the reform of which is not effectively targeted.Guided by the solution of the above problems with the educational concept of"integration of innovation and entrepreneurship education and talent training",and based on the positioning of local application-oriented undergraduate colleges and the goal of talent training,local application-oriented undergraduate colleges represented by Chengdu University have formed the"one body three penetration"innovation and entrepreneurship education mode after more than ten years of exploration and practice by establishing the"one body"operation mechanism for innovation and entrepreneurship education and talent training,establishing innovative education course incubation chain in the form of"one backbone and multilevels",as well as"one core and three circles"practicing platforms and"one test and two evaluations"whole-process evaluation,in order to realize the"three penetration"of educational process,educational scenarios,and educational evaluation.Through years of practical testing,this mode has nearly solved problems existing in innovation and entrepreneurship education in local application-oriented undergraduate colleges.It has shown good adaptability and reproducibility in practical promotion,having formed a new paradigm of innovation and entrepreneurship education in local application-oriented undergraduate colleges.The effect of innovation and entrepreneurship education is obvious,and the comprehensive strength of the colleges has been significantly improved.