岩浆岩地层深竖井水害治理关键技术

Key Technology of Water Disaster Control for Deep Mine Shaft in Magmatic Formation

深竖井施工过程中,会遇到诸如砂岩孔隙水、地层裂隙水、灰岩溶洞水、断层破碎带水等复杂含水地层,尤其在金属矿山岩浆岩地层深立井施工中,高角度微裂隙涌水是普遍现象;沉积岩含水地层特点为成层性,有明显的含(隔)水层,由于岩石强度相对低,地层的闭合压力小,可注性好,注浆难度相对低,堵水效果好,水害治理经验及技术相对成熟;而岩浆岩含水地层多为裂隙水,且高角度、微裂隙(隐性)地层发育,岩石强度高、地层闭合压力高,岩浆岩地层由于层间无明显隔层,多为同一岩性,因后期改造而呈不同程度渐进性接触,靠强度差异封隔含水层,岩石强度变化界线不明显;深井带来的高水压、高闭合压力等,造成注浆堵水难度大,堵水率低;对于高角度微裂隙发育的富水岩浆岩地层,水害治理难度大,严重影响竖井建设安全、质量及工期。本文从3个竖井水害治理案例的经验及教训出发,总结出一套深竖井工作面预注浆快速治理经验技术,并提出“地层压裂注浆”的水害治理技术发展方向。

During the construction process of the deep mine shaft,such as the sandstone pore water,formation fracture water,limestone cave water,fault fracture zone water and other complicated waterbearing formation would be met.Especially during the deep mine shaft construction in the magmatic formation of the metal mine,high angle micro fracture inflow would be the general phenomenon.The water-bearing stratum features in the sedimentary rock would be stratification and would have obvious aquifers(or aquicludes).Due to the rock strength relatively low,the closure pressure of the stratum was low,the groutability was good,the grouting difficulty was relatively low,the water sealing was good and the water disaster control experiences and technology were relative mature.The water-bearing strata in the magmatic rock mostly would be fracture water,the strata were developed as the high angle and micro fractured(recessive) strata and the rock strength of the strata had high and the closure pressure of the strata were high.Due to no obvious interlayer between the interlamination,the magmatic rock stratum mostly was in a same lithology.Due to later reconstruction would be in a stead contact,the strength difference were applied to seal the aquifer and the variation borderline of the rock strength was not obvious.The high water pressure,high closure pressure and others in the deep mine would cause a high difficulty in the grouting and water sealing and the water sealing rate was low.As a high angle micro fracture developed watery magmatic rock stratum,the difficulty of the water disaster control would be high and would be highly affected to the mine shaft construction safety,quality and construction time.From the experiences and lessons of the three mine shaft water disaster control cases,the paper summarized a set of the rapid control experience and technology with the pre-grouting from the deep mine shaft working face and provided the development tendency of the water disaster control technology with the "stratum fracturing and grouting".