催化臭氧氧化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展

Research progress on degradation of organic pollutants in water by catalytic ozonation

水污染是当前工业发展中亟待解决的问题之一,催化臭氧氧化降解有机污染物工艺具有绿色、高效和工艺简单的优点而被广泛应用,而其中的关键在于催化剂的选用。本研究对均相催化臭氧氧化和非均相催化臭氧氧化过程的机理进行了分析和总结,着重讨论了非均相催化臭氧氧化过程常采用的贵金属催化剂、过渡金属催化剂、碱土金属催化剂和非金属催化剂对臭氧氧化降解有机污染物的促进作用,对提高这些催化剂催化活性的方法进行了综述,总结了pH值、臭氧浓度、催化剂剂量和有机污染物浓度对催化臭氧氧化降解有机物过程的影响。指出目前催化臭氧氧化降解有机污染物过程面临的主要问题是活性组分的流失导致催化剂催化活性下降。在今后的研究中,开发和制备新型、高效、绿色、稳定的催化剂以及探究最佳工艺条件仍是研究的重点。可以通过提高催化剂的吸附能力以改善臭氧在水溶液中的传质,促进臭氧分子的分解,还可以通过不同活性组分的协同偶联有效抑制活性组分的流失,提高催化剂催化活性的同时提高催化剂的稳定性,以达到高效降解有机化合物的目的。要点:(1)分析并总结了均相/非均相催化臭氧氧化的机理。(2)总结了贵金属催化剂、过渡金属催化剂、碱土金属催化剂及非金属催化剂在催化臭氧氧化降解有机污染物方面的应用。(3)分析并总结了pH值、臭氧浓度、催化剂剂量和反应底物浓度对催化臭氧氧化过程的影响。(4)指出了未来新型催化剂的潜在的研究方向。

For the further development of industry and improvement of living resources for everyone,the pollution of water resources is one of the urgent problems to be solved nowadays.The organic pollutants can be removed effectively by the catalytic ozonation process and the method is easy to operate,so it has been used in industry widely.The selection of catalysts has an important influence on the catalytic oxidation process of organic pollutants.In this study,the mechanism of the homogeneous catalytic ozonation process and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process were analyzed and summarized.The catalytic effects of noble metal catalysts,transition metal catalysts,alkaline earth metal catalysts,and non-metal catalysts that have been used in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation to remove organic pollutants were summarized.The methods that have been used to improve the catalytic activity of these catalysts were also reviewed.The effects of pH value,ozone concentration,catalyst dosage,and the concentration of organic matters on the process of catalytic ozonation were summarized.It is pointed out that the main problem in the process of degradation of organic pollutants by catalytic ozonation is the loss of active components and the reduction of catalytic activity in an aqueous solution.Therefore,for future research,the development and preparation of novel catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability remain the research focus of this process.We can take the measures of improving the adsorption capacity of the catalyst,improving the transfer capacity of ozone in water,and using the synergistic coupling of different active components to effectively inhibit the loss of active components,improve the service life of the catalyst and improve the stability of the catalyst at the same time,to achieve the purpose of effective degradation of organic pollutants.Key learning points:(1)The mechanism of homogeneous/heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was analyzed and summarized.(2)The applications of noble metal catalysts,transition metal catalysts,alkaline earth metal catalysts and non-metallic catalysts in influencing parameters of catalytic ozonation of organic wastewater were summarized.(3)The effects of p H value,ozone concentration,catalysts dosage and the concentration of organic matters on the catalytic ozonation process were analyzed and summarized.(4)The potential research directions of new catalysts in the future were pointed out.