《民法典》背景下中国足协法人治理结构改革的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction on Reform of Corporate Governance Structure of Chinese Football Association Under the Background of Civil Code in China

法人治理结构是中国足协脱钩后实体化再造的内生动力。中国足协法人治理结构改革以治理逻辑为起点,以《中华人民共和国民法典》中法人制度规范为法理逻辑,以利益相关者与委托代理理论为逻辑支撑,其内在逻辑关系揭示了中国足协法人治理结构的现实缘起、法律依据和理论支撑。当前,中国足协法人治理结构改革面临诸多困境:制度改革创新举措缺乏,治理结构体系碎片化;权力中心主义的根深蒂固导致多元主体协同参与边缘化;治理结构利益关系复杂,利益结构关系刚化和固化;激励机制偏弱,依靠“精英治理”效能低下;对外部环境适应性较差,协会的“社会合法性”有待提升。打破法人治理结构优化路径在于技术突破,只有通过技术治理打破旧的治理结构才是协会改革的方向。中国足协法人治理结构的技术治理路径包含两个维度:1)治理结构转型中的技术治理,指治理方式的“法治化、规范化、技术化和标准化”,以及外部司法监管是技术治理的核心议题;2)科技进步和信息时代中的技术治理。随着信息技术、互联网、大数据等技术手段的盛行,这种数据化和网络化的治理手段不断被引入协会内部治理,进而推动协会治理方式变革。

The corporate governance structure is the endogenous power of materialization reconstruction after decoupling Chinese Football Association.The construction reform of corporate governance structure of Chinese Football Association takes governance logic as the starting point, the legal person system and regulations in the Civil Code in China as legal logic, and the theoretical logic of stakeholder and principal-agent as a support.The internal logic reveals practical origin, legal basis and theoretical support of the legal person governance structure of CFA.At present, the reform of Chinese Football Association’s corporate governance structure is facing many difficulties: lack of institutional reform and innovation measures, fragmentation of governance structure;deep-rooted power centralism leading to the marginalization of multiple collaborative participation;complex interest relationship of governance structure leading to the toughening and solidifying of interest structure relationship;weak incentive mechanism and low efficiency of relying on “elite governance”;not enough adaptation to external environment and insufficient“legitimacy”of the association society.The optimal path to break the corporate governance structure lies in technological breakthrough.Only through technological governance to break the old governance structure can reform the association.The “technical governance” path of the corporate governance structure of China Football Association includes the following two dimensions.The first dimension is technological governance in the transformation of governance structure, which refers to the legislation, normalization, technicalization and standardization of governance methods, and the external judicial supervision is the core issue of technological governance.The second dimension is technological governance in the era of scientific and technological progress and information.With the popularity of information technology, Internet, big data and other technical means, this kind of data-based and network-based governance means is constantly introduced into the internal governance of the association, thus promoting the transformation of the governance mode of the association.