基于GIS的丹江口水库土地利用/覆被动态变化特征分析

Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Dynamic Change Characteristics of Danjiangkou Reservoir Based on GIS

以丹江口水库所属的湖北省丹江口市和河南省淅川县为研究区域,以2000年、2010年、2020年为研究时间节点,以国家基础地理信息中心全球地表覆盖数据为基础,在ArcGIS平台的支持下,对研究区进行土地利用/覆被变化分析,并引入土地利用动态度、开发度、耗减度等指数,结合土地利用转移矩阵分析其土地利用/覆被的动态变化特征。结果表明:研究区域的土地覆被类型主要为水体,其次为林地、耕地、草地、人造地表、湿地、未利用地;水体面积在2000年、2010年、2020年占比分别为5.61%、8.66%、12.88%,20年来,水体的面积变化波动最大,2020年水体面积较2000年的增加了428.56 km^(2),人造地表的面积增加了86.91 km^(2),其他土地覆被类型的面积均在减少;水体的土地利用开发度最高,处于快速发展期,丹江口大坝的加高工程是引起水体这一土地覆被类型发生变化的最主要原因。掌握丹江口水库周边的土地利用/覆被类型的空间分布变化规律,有利于其土地规划与水土资源保护等工作的进行。

Taking Danjiangkou City in Hubei Province and Xichuan County in Henan Province, where Danjiangkou reservoir belongs, as the research area, taking 2000, 2010 and 2020 as the research time nodes, based on the global surface coverage data of the National Basic Geographic Information Center, and with the support of ArcGIS platform, this paper analyzes the land use and land cover change in the research area, and introduces the indexes such as land use dynamics, development and consumption. Combined with the land use transfer matrix, the dynamic change characteristics of land use and land cover are analyzed. The results are as follows. The land cover type in the study area is mainly water, followed by forest land, cultivated land, grassland, artificial surface, wetland and unused land. The water area accounted for 5.61%, 8.66% and 12.88% in 2000, 2010 and 2020 respectively. Over the past twenty years, the area of water body has fluctuated the most. The area of water body in 2020 has increased by 428.56 km^(2) compared with that in 2000. The area of man-made surface has increased by 86.91 km^(2), and the area of other land cover types is decreasing. The land use and development degree of water body is the highest and is in a period of rapid development. The heightening project of Danjiangkou dam is the main reason for the change of land cover type of water body. Mastering the spatial distribution and change law of land use and land cover types around Danjiangkou reservoir is conducive to its land planning and water and soil resources protection.