计算机软件著作权刑事保护视域下“复制”行为的司法认定

Judicial Determination of “Reproduction” Behavior from the Perspective of Criminal Protection of Computer Software Copyright

在涉计算机软件侵犯著作权罪的司法认定中,“复制”行为的认定一直是困扰司法实践的难题。从法教义学分析,涉计算机软件的“复制”意涵理解与界定有其独特性。尽管现行立法没有规定“接触+实质性相似”规则,其却成为认定“复制”行为的普遍遵循。因难以取得直接证据予以证明,司法机关对“接触”的判定多适用推定规则,但应区别于民事案件且应当有明确的法律规定。对“实质性相似”的认定缺乏统一裁判标准。“实质性相似”不限于计算机软件的整体比对,相似的比例应否具有刑事追诉门槛存在争议。需要通过司法解释或指导性案例进一步明确“接触+实质性相似”的判定标准,统一“复制”行为司法认定的裁判尺度,加强计算机软件著作权的刑事保护。

In the judicial determination of the crime of copyright infringement involving computer software,the determination of “reproduction” behavior has always been a difficult problem perplexing judicial practice.From the perspective of legal doctrine,the understanding and definition of the meaning of “reproduction” involving computer software has its own uniqueness.Although the current legislation does not provide for the rule of “contact+substantial similarity”,it has become a common practice to identify the behavior of “reproduction”.Since it is difficult to obtain direct evidences to prove,the judicial organs mostly apply the presumption rule to confirm the “contact”,but it should be different from civil cases and there should be clear legal provisions.There is a lack of unified judgment criteria for the identification of “substantial similarity”.“Substantial similarity” is not limited to the overall comparison of computer software.Whether the similar proportion has the threshold of criminal prosecution is controversial.It is necessary to further clarify the judgment criteria of “contact+substantial similarity” through judicial interpretation or guiding cases,unify the judgment scale of judicial determination of “reproduction” behavior,and strengthen the criminal protection of computer software copyright.