2019年张家口赛区风场特征分析

Analysis on Wind Field Characteristics of Zhangjiakou Competition Area in 2019

应用高空、地面等常规观测资料、区域自动站资料及矢量法作为风向统计方法,通过分析2019年张家口赛区(冬奥会同期2019年2月4—20日)的温度、小时平均风向风速以及极大风风向风速数据,并结合山地气象学方面的知识,从冷空气强度和复杂地形方面分别对赛区风的影响进行了研究,结果表明:(1)崇礼赛区风向风速受地形阻挡作用影响明显,其中越野和冬季两项比赛场地具有明显的地形风特征,夜间的下谷(坡)风风向集中且风速较小,在2 m/s左右,而白天上坡(谷)风风向分散且风速相对较大,在4 m/s以下;跳台和云顶比赛场地由于地形与系统风方向相对或一致的原因,地形风特征并不明显,存在地形绕流影响;(2)在弱冷空气或暖气团条件下,越野和冬季两项赛区的风从08:00开始转为上坡(谷)风,但转为下坡(谷)风的时间前后明显受到地形影响,表现为接受太阳辐射时间越长、转向时间越晚,反之则越早。

Conventional observation data such as high altitude and ground, regional automatic station data and vector method were used as wind direction statistics methods. By analyzing the temperature,hourly average wind speed and extreme wind speed data of Zhangjiakou competition area in the same period of 2019 Winter Olympic Games, combined with the knowledge of mountain meteorology, The influence of cold air intensity and complex terrain on the competition area wind was studied respectively. The results showed that:(1) the wind direction and wind speed in Chongli competition area were obviously affected by the blocking effect of terrain. The crosscountry and winter sports venues had obvious topographic wind characteristics. The downhill(slope) wind direction at night was concentrated and the wind speed was small,about 2 m/s, In the daytime, the wind direction of uphill(valley) wind was scattered, and the wind speed was relatively large, below 4 m/s;Due to the fact that the terrain was relative or consistent with the direction of system wind,the characteristics of terrain wind were not obvious, and there was the influence of terrain flow.(2) Under the condition of weak cold air or heating mass, the wind in the off-road and winter biathlon competition areas turned to uphill(valley) wind from 08:00, but the time before and after turning to downhill(valley)wind was obviously affected by the terrain,which showed that the longer the time of receiving solar radiation, the later the turning time, and vice versa.