铜川市2021年气候特征及对农业生产的影响分析

Analysis of Climate Characteristics and Its Impact on Agricultural Production in Tongchuan City in 2021

2021年铜川市总体气候特点为气温偏高,降水异常偏多,日照偏少。全省平均气温11.0℃~13.3℃,比常年同期偏高0.3℃~1.0℃,年降水量841.4~1 196.7 mm,较历年同期值偏多55.7%~76.2%,宜君、王益印台、耀州国家站降水均突破历史极值,年日照时数1984.5~2 097.8 h,较历年同期值偏少217.5~432.4 h。冬季气温偏高,为暖冬年份,春季温度起伏较大,降水偏多,对春耕春播有利;夏季平均气温略偏高,降水时空分布均匀,冰雹次数多,局地灾情较重;秋季气温持平,降水异常偏多,灾情较重。主要气候事件有9—10月极端降水,历时长,累计雨量大,暴雨日数、站次偏多,秋淋雨量历史之最,灾情较重,春季沙尘天气多、强度大、范围广,夏季强对流、冰雹过程多,日照少,阶段性寡照,11月强寒潮等。总体气候条件对农业生产有利有弊。

The overall climate of Tongchuan in 2021 was characterized by high temperature, abnormal precipitation and less sunshine. The average temperature of the whole province was 11.0℃ ~ 13.3℃,0.3 ~ 1.0℃ higher than the same period of the whole year, and the annual precipitation was 841.4 ~ 1 196.7 mm, 55.7% ~ 76.2%higher than the same period of previous years.The precipitation of Yijun, Wang Yi, Yintai and Yaozhou national stations had exceeded the historical extreme value, and the annual sunshine hours were 1 984.5 ~ 2 097.8 hours,217.5 ~ 432.4 hours lower than the same period of previous years. The temperature in winter was relatively high, which was a warm winter year. The temperature fluctuates greatly in spring and there was more precipitation,which was beneficial to spring farming and spring sowing;The average air temperature in summer was slightly higher, the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation was uniform, the number of hail was more, and the local disaster was more serious;In autumn,the temperature was flat, the precipitation was abnormal, and the disaster was serious.The main climate events include extreme precipitation from September to October,with long duration, large accumulated rainfall, more rainstorm days and stations,the history of autumn rainfall, heavy disaster,more dust weather in spring, high intensity and wide range, more severe convection and Hail Processes in summer, less sunshine,phased lack of sunshine, strong cold wave in November, etc. The overall climatic conditions had both advantages and disadvantages for agricultural production.