不同调理剂组合对浙江红壤土壤肥力、微生物群落多样性和水稻产量的影响

Effects of conditioning agents on soil fertility,microbial community diversity and rice yield in red soil

浙江省中低产稻田土壤大多属于红壤,普遍存在土壤酸化、缺肥严重的问题。为提升红壤肥力进而获得水稻高产,以浙江省兰溪市红壤为对象,采用石灰石粉、腐殖酸和秸秆3种调理剂为材料,开展包含CK(不施肥且不施调理剂)、N(常规施肥)、NS(常规施肥+石灰石粉)、NSJ(常规施肥+石灰石粉+秸秆还田)、NSF(常规施肥+石灰石粉+腐殖酸)5个处理的水稻田间试验。结果表明,石灰石粉的施用能迅速提升土壤pH值,NS、NSJ和NSF处理的土壤pH值相较于CK显著(P<0.05)提高了1.17~1.60个单位。与CK和N处理相比,腐殖酸的施用显著(P<0.05)提高了土壤有机质含量,秸秆还田或腐殖酸的施用均显著(P<0.05)提高了土壤速效钾含量。调理剂的施用提高了土壤微生物群落利用碳源的能力,还增加了土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)含量,其中,以NSF处理的AWCD值和PLFA含量相较于CK提升最多。高通量测序结果表明,调理剂的施用显著改变了土壤微生物群落结构,增强了群落丰富度和群落多样性。石灰石粉、秸秆还田和腐殖酸均能显著(P<0.05)提高水稻产量,其中,以NSF处理的产量最高,较CK处理提高了11.02%。综合来看,在试验条件下,NSF处理是改良红壤、提高水稻产量的最佳组合。

The majority of low-and medium-yielding fields in Zhejiang Province are typical acidified and fertile-deficient soils.To increase rice yield via improvement of soil fertility,a field experiment was conducted with five treatments,including CK(no fertilization and no conditioning agents),N(conventional fertilization),NS(conventional fertilization+limestone powder),NSJ(conventional fertilization+limestone powder+straw return),and NSF(conventional fertilization+limestone powder+humic acid)on the low-yield red soil in Lanxi City,Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the application of limestone powder could quickly increase the soil pH,and the soil pH under NS,NSJ and NSF treatments was significantly(P<0.05)increased by 1.17-1.60 compared with CK.Compared with CK and N treatments,application of humic acid significantly(P<0.05)increased soil organic matter content,while straw return or application of humic acid significantly(P<0.05)increased soil available potassium content.The application of conditioning agents could improve the ability of soil microbial communities to utilize carbon sources,and increase the content of phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA).Among all the treatments,the highest AWCD value and FLPA contents were found under NSF treatment.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that application of conditioning agents changed the composition of the microbial community and enhanced the richness and diversity of the soil microbial community.Application of conditioning agents could significantly(P<0.05)increase crop yield,and NSF treatment showed the best performance on yield improvement,as its yield was 11.02%higher than that of CK.In general,under experimental conditions,NSF was the best combination to improve soil fertility and rice yield in red soil.