宅基地资源、资产、资本转化的困境与出路

Dilemma in conversion of homestead resources,assets and capital and corresponding solutions

农村宅基地具有资源、资产、资本属性,在市场经济条件下,可由“自然”空间资源和“非自然”政策资源的要素形态,转变为“有形”实物资产和“无形”权益资产的经济形态,再转变为“不变”交易资本和“可变”金融资本的价值形态。囿于原有的宅基地制度设计,当前宅基地资源、资产、资本转化存在障碍,严重影响农村居民财产性收入、农村土地利用效率、乡村振兴内生动力、农业转移人口市民化。借鉴浙江义乌、广东南海、江苏武进改革试点经验,探索构建宅基地资源、资产、资本转化的逻辑通道,并同步明确宅基地资源、资产、资本转化的空间范围和用途规定、前期土地整备主体与转化方向等配套政策,按照所有权、资格权、使用权“三权分置”的顶层设计,从确权颁证、活权赋能、入市交易、空间治理、试点迭代等维度提出对策建议。

Rural homestead which features the attributes of resources,assets and capital can be converted from the elements of“natural”space resources and“unnatural”policy resources into the value of“constant”transaction capital and“variable”financial capital before converting into the economic form of“tangible”physical assets and“intangible”equity assets under the condition of market economy.The regulatory system for the use of the homestead under the traditional economy,which inhibits the conversion of homestead resources,assets and capital,has largely affected the property income of rural residents,the utilization efficiency of rural land,inherent driving force of rural revitalization,and the immigration of rural population to urban areas.By drawing on the pilot reform experiences of Yiwu,Zhejiang Province,Nanhai,Guangdong Province and Wujin,Jiangsu Province,the logical channels for the conversion of resources,assets and capital of homestead were explored and framed,the spatial scope and usage regulations for the conversion,the main body of land reconditioning,conversion direction and other supporting policies were clarified simultaneously,and countermeasures were proposed in accordance with the top-level design of“separation of three rights”of ownership,qualification and use rights,from the dimensions of confirmation and certification,live rights empowerment,market entry and transaction,spatial governance and pilot iteration.