正视中国哲学的主体性(下)--兼论研究者的态度、话语与方法

Facing up to the Subjectivity of Chinese Philosophy(Part Ⅱ): On the Attitude, Discourse and Method of Researchers

本文旨在阐明中国哲学的主体性,并指出研究者应有之态度,并反思其使用的话语与方法。首先,指出中国哲学自有其独特性,它不是从“是”说“有”,而是从“存”讲“在”,它通生死幽明而为一,从此岸通到彼岸而为一。再者,汉字是图象表意文字,它以存在为本位,由事物自身彰显意义。体会汉语本身的意味、意韵,进一步方能明白其意义。又,康德说的“无上命令”与儒学的道德本心,大相径庭不可等同视之。中国文明是“默运造化”,不同于基督文明的“分说万物”。哲学研究离不开经典与生活,古典生活话语、学术话语与整个现代生活世界是连续的。再者,呼吁应该正视话语权与主体性,在中西对比下,“筷子”是文化王道主义,“叉子”是文化霸权主义。中国是“存在与价值的和合性”为优先,西方是“思维与存在的一致性”为优先。随文检讨了朱熹哲学不是“横摄的静涵静摄系统”,而是“横摄归纵”的系统。中国宗教不适合通过一神论去理解,他较接近于“万有在道论”。同样的,理学、气学、心学都同意“体用一源,显微无间”,都涉及道德创化之源,而中国哲学足以包容西方当前所谓after philosophy的发展。我们应该跨过近现代启蒙的限制,理解自家经典,对比文明交谈,开创崭新可能。

This paper aims to clarify the subjectivity of Chinese philosophy,point out the attitude that researchers should have and reflect on the discourse and methods they use.First of all,it points out that Chinese philosophy has its own unique characteristics.It does not say“having”from“being”,but“being”from“existence”.It is one through the brightness of life and death and one from one side to the other.More⁃over,Chinese characters are ideographic characters,which are based on existence and show their meaning by things themselves.We understand the meaning and rhyme of Chinese itself and further understand its meaning.In addition,Kant’s“supreme command”is quite different from the moral original intention of Confucianism and can not be regarded as it.Chinese civilization is“tacit luck”,which is different from the“separation of all things”of Christian civilization.Philosophical research is inseparable from classics and life.Classical life discourse,academic discourse and the whole modern life world are continuous.Moreover,we should face up to the right of discourse and subjectivity.In the comparison between China and the west,“chopsticks”is cultural kingcraft and“fork”is cultural hegemony.China gives priority to“the harmony of existence and value”,while the west gives priority to“the consistency of thinking and existence”.This pa⁃per reviews that Zhu Xi’s philosophy is not a“static system of horizontal photography”,but a“vertical sys⁃tem of horizontal photography”.Chinese religion is not suitable to be understood through monotheism.It is closer to the“Tao theory of everything”.Similarly,Neo Confucianism,Qixue and Xinxue all agree that“the body uses one source and the micro is infinite”,which all involve the source of moral creation,and Chinese philosophy is enough to accommodate the current development of the so-called after philosophy in the west.We should transcend the limitations of modern enlightenment,understand our own classics,compare civili⁃zation and talk and create new possibilities.