2020年河南省中小学教室环境卫生状况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Classroom Environmental Hygiene Status of Primary and Middle School Classrooms in Henan Province,2020

目的了解河南省中小学教室环境卫生状况,为政府部门制定学校卫生标准提供依据。方法于2020年9月至11月,采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取河南省各个省辖市和直管县区共1646间教室进行现场监测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果2020年河南省中小学黑板尺寸、黑板反射比、课桌平均照度、黑板平均照度、噪音、人均面积、课桌椅均符合达标率,分别为69.9%、42.8%、42.5%、36.0%、31.7%、12.1%、6.0%;郊县学校桌面平均照度、黑板平均照度、课桌椅高度达标率(47.8%、38.8%、7.5%)均高于城区学校(35.7%、32.5%、4.0%、),而城区学校教室人均面积和噪音达标率(16.3%、34.6%)高于郊县(8.8%、29.6%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中学教室人均面积、噪音、黑板反射比达标率(15.0%、34.1%、45.0%)均高于小学(6.8%、27.2%、38.9%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);公办学校黑板尺寸、平均照度达标率(70.4%、37.0%)高于民办学校(56.9%、12.3%),而民办教室人均面积达标率(21.5%)均高于公办学校(11.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论河南省中小学教室环境卫生状况不容乐观,不同类型学校面临的主要问题有所差异,应进一步加强学校卫生标准宣贯,改善学校环境卫生。

Objective This paper aims to understand the classroom environmental hygiene status of primary and middle schools in Henan province,and to provide the basis for government departments to formulate school health standards.Methods From September to November 2020,a stratified random sampling method was used to select 1646 classrooms from provincial jurisdictional cities and directly administered counties or districts of Henan province for on-site monitoring,and the results were statistically analyzed.Results In 2020,the compliance rates of blackboard size,blackboard reflection ratio,average illuminance of desks,average illuminance of blackboards,noise,per capita area,and desks and chairs were 69.9%,42.8%,42.5%,36.0%,31.7%,12.1%and 6.0%,respectively.The compliance rates of the average illuminance of desks,blackboards and desks and chairs in suburban schools(47.8%,38.8%,7.5%)were higher than those in urban schools(35.7%,32.5%,4.0%),while the average classroom area and noise rate in urban area(16.3%,34.6%)were higher than those in suburban area(8.8%,29.6%),with statistical significance(P<0.05).The compliance rates of the per capita area,noise and blackboard reflection ratio of middle school classrooms(15.0%,34.1%,45.0%)were higher than those of primary schools(6.8%,27.2%,38.9%),with statistical significance(P<0.05).The compliance rates of blackboard size and average illumination in public schools(70.4%and 37.0%)were higher than those in private schools(56.9%and 12.3%),while the compliance rate of per capita area in private schools(21.5%)was higher than that in public schools(11.7%),with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion The situation of classroom environmental hygiene in primary and middle schools in Henan province is not optimistic,and the main problems of different types of schools are different.The publicity and implementation of school health standards should be strengthened to improve school environmental hygiene.