基于LCA的沼肥及增值化产品施用环境影响评价

Environmental Impact Assessment of Biogas Fertilizer and Value-added Products Based on LCA

研究采用生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)结合作物产量全面评估沼液衍生加工获得的沼基硫铵液肥、粉末等增值化沼肥和传统沼肥、化肥在茄子种植中的环境影响。评价结果表明,等氮条件下(340 kg N·hm^(-2)),增值化产品沼基硫铵液肥和沼基硫铵粉末的总环境影响值与沼肥比分别低41.0%和46.3%。总体上不同氮水平下的沼肥环境影响值随施氮量成比例增加,但沼肥施氮量为85 kg·hm^(-2)的茄子产量高于170和340 kg·hm^(-2)。沼基硫铵液肥的茄子产量为63.42 t·hm^(-2),较等氮沼肥高27.9%;沼肥经增值化处理后再施用显著减少NH3和重金属排放,有效提高茄子产量。

Life cycle evaluation and crop yield were used to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of value-added biogas fertilizer,such as biogas-ammonium sulfur liquid fertilizer and powder,traditional biogas fertilizer,and chemical fertilizer in eggplant cultivation.Environment evaluation results showed that,compared with BF(biogas fertilizer)under equal nitrogen conditions of 340 kg N·hm^(-2),the total environmental impact values of BS-ASL(biogas-ammonium sulphur liquid fertilizer)and BS-ASC(biogas-ammonium sulphur powder)were 41.0%and 46.3%,respectively.Although environmental impact value of BF increases in proportion to the amount of nitrogen applied,the yield of eggplant with biogas fertilizer nitrogen of 85 kg·hm^(-2)were higher than yield of 170 and 340 kg·hm^(-2).The eggplant output of the BS-ASL was 63.42 t·hm^(-2)which was 27.9%higher than that of the equal nitrogen BF.BF after value-added treatment was used for planting,in order to significantly reduce NH_(3) and heavy metal emissions and effectively increase yield.Although BS-ASL increased production costs to a certain extent,it obtained the higher eggplant output with less possible environmental impact.