秸秆还田机螺旋横刀优化设计与试验

Optimization design and experiment of helical blade of straw returning machine

【目的】针对秸秆还田机刀辊中螺旋横刀因切削阻力大、耕深不足影响秸秆掩埋效果的问题,开展螺旋横刀优化研究,实现秸秆旋埋作业功能。【方法】建立螺旋横刀作业过程的参数化模型,分析动态参数的变化规律,确定决定影响耕整性能的主要因素及取值范围。通过土槽试验,开展对螺旋横刀结构参数的二次曲面拟合分析和作业参数的三元二次回归分析。【结果】螺旋横刀结构参数最优组合为刀具宽度35 mm,前角50°;作业参数最优组合为前进速度0.72 m·s^(-1),旋耕转速320 r·min^(-1)及作业深度174 mm。基于最优作业参数对结构优化前后的螺旋横刀进行田间对比试验,结果表明,在不降低秸秆埋覆效果的情况下功耗降低10.05%。该螺旋横刀主要依靠压埋的方式进行秸秆埋覆,当秸秆高度达到84.5 cm时,秸秆埋覆率为83.67%,适合高留茬柔性秸秆还田。【结论】解决了螺旋横刀现存问题,扩大了应用范围,为高留茬柔性秸秆地的耕整提供优质装备。

【Objective】In view of the problem that the straw burying effect was affected by the helical blade in the blade roller of the straw returning machine,the optimization of the helical cross cutter was carried out to realize the function of rotary burying of straw.【Method】A parametrized model of the helical blade working process was established to analyze the changing law of dynamic parameters,and determine the main factors affecting the tillage performance and the range of values.Through the soil-bin test,the quadric surface fitting analysis of the structural parameters and the ternary quadratic regression analysis of the operating parameters of the helical blade were carried out.【Result】The experimental results showed that the optimal combination of structural parameters were obtained:blade width was 35 mm and anterior angle was 50°.The optimal combination of operation parameters were as follows:forward speed was 0.72 m·s^(-1),rotary tillage speed was 320 r·min^(-1) and operation depth was 174 mm.Under the optimum working parameters,the field comparative test before and after optimizing the structure parameters of the helical blade was carried out.The optimized helical blade could reduce power consumption by 10.05%without reducing the effect of straw burying.As the helical blade operated mainly by pressing to bury the straw,when the height of straw reached 84.5 cm,the straw burying rate was 83.67%,which was suitable for high stubble flexible straw returning and soil tillage.【Conclusion】Solved the existing problems of the helical blade,expanded the scope of application and provided high-quality equipment for farming and returning high stubble flexible straw to land.