塑料大棚棚顶清洗机的设计与试验

Study on the design of plastic greenhouse top cleaning machine

【目的】解决塑料大棚棚顶清洗成本高、适用性差以及操作不便等问题,提高清洗效果和清洗作业效率。【方法】采用理论设计与试验测试相互验证的方法,根据中国现有塑料大棚的特点和清洗需求,从结构和控制上设计并制造出结构简单、轻便适用的塑料大棚棚顶清洗机,并进行实际清洗试验。以1 a未清洗过的塑料大棚为试验对象,采用TES-1330A型数字照度仪测定并对比清洗前后棚顶塑料薄膜的光照度。【结果】使用该塑料大棚棚顶清洗机清洗效果明显,能有效提高棚顶塑料薄膜透光率,且清洗质量和清洗作业效率与单位长度搓拉次数有关。当单位长度搓拉次数为8次·min^(-1)时,棚顶塑料薄膜透光率平均值由清洗前的53.8%提高至85.1%,此时平均清洗作业效率为11.93 m^(2)·min^(-1)。【结论】设计的塑料大棚棚顶清洗机结构简单,制造成本低,易于批量生产和市场化推广。

【Objective】The study was conducted to solve the problems of high cost,poor applicability and inconvenient operation of plastic greenhouse top cleaning,and improve the cleaning effect and cleaning efficiency.【Method】Using the method of mutual verification between theoretical design and experimental test,a simple,portable and suitable plastic greenhouse top cleaning machine was designed and manufactured from the structure and control,according to the characteristics and cleaning requirements of existing plastic greenhouse in China,and the actual cleaning test was carried out.Taking the plastic greenhouse that has not been cleaned for 1 year as the test object,the TES-1330A digital illuminance instrument was used to measure the illuminance of the plastic film on the top before and after the cleaning,and the transmittance was compared.【Result】The cleaning effect of the plastic greenhouse top cleaning machine was obvious,which could effectively improve the light transmittance of the plastic film on the top of the greenhouse,and the cleaning quality and cleaning efficiency were related to the rubbing and pulling times per unit length.When the number of rubbing and pulling per unit length was 8 times·min^(-1),the average transmittance of plastic film on the top was increased from 53.8%before cleaning to 85.1%.At this time,the average cleaning efficiency was 11.93 m^(2)·min^(-1).【Conclusion】The design of plastic greenhouse top cleaning machine has the advantages of simple structure,low manufacturing cost and easy mass production and market promotion.