细辛多糖提纯、保润和热裂解产物研究及应用

Research and application of purification,moisture retention and pyrolysis products of Asarum polysaccharide

【目的】对细辛多糖(Asarum polysaccharides,ASPs)进行分离纯化,考察其保润性并对热裂解产物进行分析。【方法】采用水提醇沉法得细辛粗多糖,经Sevag法脱蛋白后通过DEAE-52纤维素柱分离纯化。采用紫外(UV-vis)、傅里叶红外(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热裂解-气质联用(Py-GC/MS)等方法研究了其结构、保润性、热裂解产物,并进行了卷烟评吸评价。【结果】细辛多糖经过纤维素柱分离纯化得到3个主要组分ASP1、ASP2和ASP3。3个组分与碘反应未变蓝表明其均为非淀粉。同时,经紫外、红外光谱扫描ASP1、ASP2和ASP3均为纯度较高多糖。扫描电镜(SEM)表明ASP1、ASP2和ASP3结构上均有较好的聚集性。在低湿和高湿环境下,3个组分的解湿、吸湿速率无明显差异,均能减缓烟丝含水率的变化。经300、600、900℃裂解,ASP1的热裂解产物共有44种,ASP2共有46种,ASP3共有47种,且3个组分均可以产生糠醛类、酮类、吡啶类等致香物质,如900℃时ASP1、ASP2和ASP3糠醛类含量分别为21.63%、21.01%、8.32%;酮类含量分别为9.88%、11.64%、21.77%。细辛多糖的卷烟评吸评价结果表明,细辛多糖对烟气的香气量、香气质和刺激性都有一定的改善,并以0.4和0.6 g·kg^(-1)的添加量较为适宜。【结论】细辛多糖具有一定的保润性和防潮效果,在热裂解过程中可以产生对烟气有益的致香物质,同时将其添加至卷烟后,能提高卷烟烟气质量,改善抽吸品质,表明细辛多糖有可以作为烟草保润剂和增香剂的潜在应用价值。

【Objective】Polysaccharide was isolated and purified from Asarum polysaccharides(ASPs),and its wettability was investigated and the pyrolysis products were preliminarily analyzed.【Method】Asarum polysaccharides was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method,and then purified on a DEAE-52 cellulose column after deproteinization by the Sevag method.The structure,wettability and pyrolysis products were investigated by ultraviolet(UV-vis),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and thermal pyrolysis-GC/MS(Py-GC/MS).【Result】Asarum polysaccharides were isolated and purified on cellulose columns to obtain the three main components ASP1,ASP2 and ASP3.The three components did not turn blue after reaction with iodine showing that they were all non-starch.Meanwhile,the ASP1,ASP2 and ASP3 were all high purity polysaccharides when scanned by UV-vis and FT-IR spectroscopy.SEM showed good structural aggregation of the ASP1,ASP2 and ASP3.There was no significant difference in the rate of desiccation and moisture absorption of the three polysaccharides under low and high humidity environments,and all of them could slow down the change of moisture content of the tobacco.Under 300℃,600℃and 900℃,there were 44 kinds of pyrolysis products of ASP1,46 kinds of ASP2 and 47 kinds of ASP3,and all the three components could produce aromatic substances such as furfurals,ketones and pyridines.For example,the furfural contents of ASP1,ASP2 and ASP3 at 900℃were 21.63%,21.01%and 8.32%,respectively,while ketones were 9.88%,11.64%and 21.77%,respectively.ASPs was added to cigarette for sensory evaluation.The results showed that Asarum polysaccharide had a certain improvement on smoke quality,and 0.4 and 0.6 g·kg^(-1) were more suitable.【Conclusion】ASPs has certain moistening and moisture-proof effects and can produce aromatic substances beneficial to the smoke during pyrolysis,while its addition to cigarettes can improve the quality of cigarette smoke and improve the smoking quality,indicating that ASPs has a potential application value as tobacco moisturizing agent and aroma-increasing agent.