炭基肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤生物学特性的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar-based and Inorganic Fertilizers on Microbiological Characteristics in Tobacco Growing Soil

采用大田试验研究了不同比例炭基肥与化肥配施对豫中烟区土壤养分及微生物特性的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,炭基肥与化肥配施促进了土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、矿质氮和微生物熵的增加,其中以配施40%炭基肥和30%炭基肥处理的增幅最为显著;配施处理提高了土壤碱解氮和速效磷的含量,以配施40%炭基肥处理的最高,分别增加了32.4%和54.1%;炭基肥与化肥配施处理的酶活性综合指数显著高于化肥(CK),提升幅度在16.7%~29.2%。炭基肥与化肥配施提高了烟田土壤微生物功能多样性指数,配施高量炭基肥处理显著增加了微生物对氨基酸、多聚物、酚酸和胺类碳源的利用强度。40%有机氮与化肥配施有利于改善植烟土壤养分和微生物学特性,提高土壤综合质量。

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of combined application of biochar-based and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrients and microbiological characteristics in tobacco growing soil.The results showed that soil organic carbon(SOC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),mineral nitrogen and soil microbial quotient(SMQ)increased in combined application of biochar-based and inorganic fertilizers,and the highest were appeared in treatments of 40%and 30%organic fertilizers.Compared with the treatment of inorganic fertilizer,treatment of 40%biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased soil alkalytic nitrogen and available phosphorus by 32.4%and 54.1%,respectively.Combined application of biochar-based and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased comprehensive index of soil enzyme activities(GMea),with the range of 16.7%~29.2%,compared with control.Biochar-based fertilizer also increased diversity and evenness indices of soil microbial communities,and high rate of organic manure significantly increased the use of amino acids,polymers,phenols and amines.The combined application of 40%organic nitrogen and chemical fertilizer could improve the soil nutrient and microbial characteristics,and improve the soil comprehensive quality.