宁夏“三生”用地功能转型及其生态环境效应

Functional Transformation and Eco-environmental Effects of“Production-Living-Ecological”Land in Ningxia

为了明确宁夏土地利用空间分布格局和由其转型导致的生态环境质量效应变化,采用1990~2018年4期高精度土地利用现状遥感解译影像,按照“三生”用地主导功能构建宁夏区域土地利用分类体系,基于地理信息图谱法、生态环境质量指数和土地利用转型的生态贡献率对宁夏生态环境效应进行了量化。结果表明:宁夏区域1990~2018年土地利用转型主要为生产用地面积在宁夏中上部不断扩张,生态用地面积在中下部不断缩减,生活用地则不断增加;宁夏区域生态环境质量指数整体有所恶化,由1990年的0.455减少至2018年的0.438,中质量区面积占整个区域的65%左右,构成了生态环境质量主体;1990~2018年,宁夏区域生态环境改善和恶化并存,生态环境恶化的趋势大于改善的趋势,农业生产用地对牧草生态用地的挤兑是生态环境恶化最主要的原因。

In order to clarify the spatial distribution pattern of land use and the change of eco-environmental quality effect caused by its transformation in Ningxia,the four high-precision remote sensing interpretation images of land use status from 1990 to 2018 were used to construct the regional land use classification system of Ningxia according to the leading function of production-living-ecological land.Based on the geographic information Atlas method,the eco-environmental quality index and the ecological contribution rate of land use transformation,the eco-environmental effects of Ningxia were quantified.The results showed that the land use transformation in Ningxia from 1990 to 2018 was mainly the continuous expansion of production land area in the middle and upper part of Ningxia,the continuous reduction of ecological land area in the middle and lower part of Ningxia and the continuous increase of living land.The overall eco-environmental quality index of Ningxia had deteriorated,from 0.455 in 1990 to 0.438 in 2018.The area of medium quality area accounted for about 65%of the whole region,forming the main body of eco-environmental quality.During 1990~2018,the improvement and deterioration of regional ecological environment coexisted in Ningxia,and the trend of ecological environment deterioration was greater than that of improvement.The run of agricultural production land on forage ecological land was the main reason for the deterioration of ecological environment.