妊娠期铁缺乏及缺铁性贫血的研究进展

Research Progress of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy

铁在氧气运输、电子传递和酶活性中的作用对细胞功能是必不可少的。妊娠期随着孕妇血容量的增加和胎儿的生长发育,对铁的需求急剧增加,当体内铁储存量及其摄入量不能满足机体需要时,将导致铁的相对或绝对缺乏,引起缺铁性贫血。妊娠期铁缺乏是妊娠期贫血最常见的病因,且与子代的认知、自闭症及精神异常等有关。妊娠期贫血增加产褥期感染、胎盘早剥、孕妇死亡、妊娠期高血压疾病、剖宫产、产后出血、胎儿生长受限和早产等的风险,危害母婴健康与安全,因此早期诊断及治疗很关键。妊娠期缺铁性贫血治疗方法主要有口服铁剂和静脉铁剂治疗。综述妊娠期铁缺乏及缺铁性贫血的相应诊断,探讨妊娠期缺铁性贫血对孕妇及子代产生的不良影响,以及其治疗与预防的策略。

The role of iron in oxygen transport,electron transfer,and enzyme activity is essential for cell function.During pregnancy,with the increase in the blood volume of the mother and the growth and development of the fetus,the demand for iron increases sharply.When the body′s iron storage and intake cannot meet the body′s needs,it will lead to a relative or absolute lack of iron and cause iron deficiency anemia.Iron deficiency during pregnancy is the most common cause of anemia during pregnancy and is related to offspring′s cognition,autism,and mental disorders.Anemia during pregnancy increases the risk of infection during the puerperium,abruption of the placenta,death of pregnant women,gestational hypertension,cesarean delivery,postpartum hemorrhage,fetal growth restriction,and preterm birth,etc,it endangers the health and safety of mothers and babies,so early diagnosis and treatment are critical.Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy is treated with oral iron and intravenous iron.This review summarized the diagnosis of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy,and discussed the adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy on pregnant women and their offspring,as well as its treatment and prevention strategies.