高层住宅建筑火灾应急疏散模拟与策略研究

Study on Simulation and Strategy of Fire Emergency Evacuation in High-rise Residential Buildings

为探索高层住宅建筑火灾疏散安全性及提升其疏散效率的策略,将某一栋26层装配式住宅为研究对象,采用Revit建立其物理实体模型,结合火灾模拟软件(Pyrosim)和疏散仿真软件(Pathfinder)对高层住宅建筑火灾疏散进行数值模拟,研究不同工况下火灾烟气蔓延特性对安全疏散的影响,并探讨电梯协同楼梯疏散策略的可行性与科学性。结果表明:考虑火灾烟气蔓延影响下,晚上高层住宅内人员将在8 min完成疏散,超过了安全疏散允许时间6 min;电梯协同楼梯疏散时,电梯的最佳停靠层为23层,使用电梯人员比例最佳为80%,疏散总时间约为6 min,相较于仅使用楼梯疏散时,疏散效率提升了约15%,表明电梯协同疏散效果提升显著,可为高层住宅应急疏散提供理论参考。

In order to explore the fire evacuation safety of high-rise residential buildings and the strategies to improve their evacuation efficiency,a 26-story prefabricated house is taken as the object of study,using Revit to establish its physical entity model,numerical simulation of fire evacuation in high-rise residential buildings is carried out by combining fire simulation software(Pyrosim)and evacuation simulation software(Pathfinder).This paper studies the influence of fire smoke spread characteristics on safe evacuation under different working conditions,and discusses the feasibility and scientific nature of elevator cooperative staircase evacuation strategy.The results show that:considering the influence of fire smoke spread,in the evening,people in high-rise buildings will be evacuated at 8min,exceeded the allowable time for safe evacuation,6min;When the elevator cooperates with the stairs to evacuate,the best parking floor for elevators is 23 floors,the best proportion of people using elevators is 80%,the total evacuation time is about 6min.compared to using only the stairs to evacuate,the efficiency of evacuation has been improved by about 15%.