灾害遗址型旅游地的客源结构研究——汶川博物馆与九寨沟景区的对比分析

Study on the Structure of Tourist Source of the Disaster Site Dark Tourism:The Comparison between Wenchuan Museum and Jiuzhaigou Valley

以汶川博物馆2013年、2015年共80余万人次的游客数据为例,选取同样位于阿坝州境内的著名九寨沟景区为参照物,对比分析二者的客源结构,以期深入理解灾害遗址型旅游的优势和劣势:汶川博物馆以近域游客(<130 km)为主,占游客量60.86%;九寨沟以中域游客(280~1742 km)为主,占游客量83.48%。客源结构的差异决定了汶川博物馆年游客量为十万级别,九寨沟为百万级别规模。但是汶川博物馆也吸引到38.84%的中域游客,这说明其黑色旅游体验、灾害教育功能,具有独特吸引力。在未来的旅游路线设计时,灾害遗址类景点可以与周围大型自然景区相结合,吸引更多的中域游客;同时其不受季节影响,要充分挖掘我国各类小长假的学生客源,发挥好独特的灾害教育作用。

Taking the data of more than 800000 visitors of Wenchuan museum in 2013 and 2015 as an example,the famous Jiuzhaigou Vally also located in Aba Prefecture is selected as a reference to compare and analyze their tourist source structure,in order to deeply understand the advantages and disadvantages of disaster site dark tourism.It is shown that Wenchuan museum is dominated by near-distance tourists(<130 km),accounting for 60.86%of the tourists;Jiuzhaigou Vally is dominated by middle-distance tourists(280-1742 km),accounting for 83.48%.The different structure of tourist source determines that the annual tourist volume of Wenchuan museum is 100 thousands and that of Jiuzhaigou is millions.But Wenchuan museum also attracted 38.84%of the middle-distance tourists,which shows that its dark tourism experience and disaster education function have unique attraction.In the future tourism route design,disaster sites can be combined with the surrounding large-scale natural scenic spots to attract more middle-distance tourists;At the same time,it is not affected by seasons.We should develop the source of students during various small and long holidays in China and give full play to the unique role of disaster education.