“制造型创新”:基层社会治理创新的一种类型——基于浙北N村“文明家庭”的经验研究

"Manufacturing Innovation":A Type of Grass-roots Social Governance Innovation——An Empirical Study Based on"Civilized Family"in N Village in Northern Zhejiang

基层治理创新是普遍存在的政治现象和社会现象。通常情况下,治理需求、治理难题倒逼治理创新,形成内生型创新。然而,在基层创新实践中,亦存在主体、内容、形式、过程不同于内生型创新的制造型创新。制造创新的过程包括:生成阶段的捕捉创新信号、搜寻创新素材、提出创新方案,实施阶段的确定试点区域、生产加工创新产品,扩散阶段的宣传与推广创新产品。其核心运作机理在于基层政府通过自上而下的安排、筹划,运用生成阶段的“靠”“套”、实施阶段的“特色”、扩散阶段的“宣传和扩散”策略,使创新项目在形式上符合创新的外观与形式,在内容上契合政策话语。治理需求、治理问题,基层政府可运作的经济资源、组织资源及媒体资源,村级组织、上级政府与基层政府的共谋是形塑制造型创新的多重因素。制造型创新的特殊效应(过程简单、速度快、效果好)、政绩导向的驱使,是制造创新的动力机制。创新不应停留于形式化的制造型创新,而应着眼于回应基层治理需求的内生型创新。

Grassroots governance innovation is a widespread political and social phenomenon.Under normal circumstances,governance needs and governance problems force governance innovations,forming endogenous innovations.However,in the practice of grassroots innovation,there are also manufacturing innovations whose subject,content,form,and process are different from those of endogenous innovation.The process of manufacturing innovation includes:capturing innovation signals in the generation stage,searching for innovative materials,proposing innovative plans,determining the pilot area in the implementation stage,producing and processing innovative products,packaging and"storytelling"in the diffusion stage.Its core operating mechanism lies in:through top-down arrangements and planning,the use of"relying","characteristic","differentiation"and"propaganda and diffusion"strategies to make innovative projects conform to the appearance and form of innovation in form,and in terms of content in line with policy discourse,to create an impression of political achievements.Its essence is a formal and performance innovation,with the name of innovation but no innovation operation.Bottom-up people's needs,governance issues,economic resources,organizational resources,and media resources that the grassroots government can operate,and the collusion of village-level organizations,higher-level governments and grass-roots governments are multiple factors for plastic-manufacturing innovation.The special effects of manufacturing innovation(simple process,fast speed,good effect)and the drive of impression of political achievements are the driving mechanism of manufacturing innovation.Innovation should not stop at performing and formal manufacturing innovations,but should focus on endogenous innovations that respond to the needs of grassroots governance.